First estimates of the global and regional incidence of neonatal herpes infection  Dr Katharine J Looker, PhD, Amalia S Magaret, PhD, Margaret T May, PhD,

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First estimates of the global and regional incidence of neonatal herpes infection  Dr Katharine J Looker, PhD, Amalia S Magaret, PhD, Margaret T May, PhD, Katherine M E Turner, PhD, Peter Vickerman, PhD, Lori M Newman, MD, Sami L Gottlieb, MD  The Lancet Global Health  Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages e300-e309 (March 2017) DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30362-X Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Equation used to generate annual numbers of incident neonatal infections For this equation, N(a)HSV-s is the annual number of incident neonatal HSV infections corresponding to maternal year of age a due to HSV type s where s=1 or 2; B(a) is the annual number of livebirths at maternal age a;16 F(a)HSV-s is the proportion of women with prevalent HSV-s infection at age a;8,9 rprev_HSV-s is the per-birth risk of neonatal infection from a prevalent maternal HSV-s infection;7 kHSV-s is the maximum proportion of women that can be expected to be infected with HSV-s over a lifetime of exposure;8,9 λHSV-s is the incidence of HSV-s infection per year among (uninfected) women;8,9 xHSV-s is the average number of days between HSV-s infection and the development of protective IgG antibodies (ie, the window for transmission associated with an incident maternal HSV-s infection);19,20 rincid_HSV-s is the per-birth risk of neonatal infection from an incident maternal HSV-s infection that occurs near labour and before antibodies have developed.7,17,18 The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e300-e309DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30362-X) Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Estimates of the annual number of cases and rate per 100 000 livebirths of neonatal herpes during 2010–15 (B), and relative contribution of HSV-1 versus HSV-2 (A) and prevalent versus incident HSV infection in the mother (C) to the numbers of cases, by WHO region The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e300-e309DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30362-X) Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Percentage of neonatal herpes cases due to (A) HSV-1 versus HSV-2; and (B) prevalent versus incident maternal HSV infection during 2010–15, by age group of the mother The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e300-e309DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30362-X) Copyright © 2017 World Health Organization Terms and Conditions