The Validation of a No-Drain Policy After Thoracoscopic Major Lung Resection Junichi Murakami, MD, PhD, Kazuhiro Ueda, MD, PhD, Toshiki Tanaka, MD, PhD,

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The Validation of a No-Drain Policy After Thoracoscopic Major Lung Resection Junichi Murakami, MD, PhD, Kazuhiro Ueda, MD, PhD, Toshiki Tanaka, MD, PhD, Taiga Kobayashi, MD, PhD, Yoshie Kunihiro, MD, PhD, Kimikazu Hamano, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 104, Issue 3, Pages 1005-1011 (September 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.030 Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The diagram outlining the study population. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1005-1011DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.030) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Our strategy and the results of chest tube management. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1005-1011DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.030) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The proportion of patients with a chest tube on each postoperative day (n = 162). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1005-1011DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.030) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 The distribution of the low-attenuation area to total lung volume (LAA/TLV) according to whether a chest tube was placed (n = 53) or not placed (n = 59), among selected patients in whom air leaks were detected during a water-seal test (n = 112). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1005-1011DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.030) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 The postoperative changes in the visual analog scale (VAS) score for postoperative pain according to whether a chest tube was placed (closed circle) or not placed (open triangle). The error bars represent the SEM. The VAS scores were significantly higher in patients with a chest tube than in those without a chest tube on postoperative days 0, 1, 2, and 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1005-1011DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.030) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions