For each item, answer the following questions: Warm-up: Crops For each item, answer the following questions: What is it? What does it need to grow? Where does it grow?

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Cotton Kingdom in the South

I. Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom The Industrial Revolution increased the need for cotton. Eli Whitney’s invention In 1793 Eli Whitney invented a machine called the cotton gin. A worker using the cotton gin could do the work of 50 people cleaning cotton by hand.

C. Cotton Kingdom and Slavery In 1792 planters grew 6000 bales of cotton, by 1850 they grew over 2 million. Soil wore out if cotton was planted over and over, so cotton planters needed more land.

By the 1850s, cotton plantations extended from South Carolina through Alabama and Mississippi through Texas. The area became known as the Cotton Kingdom.

With the growth of the Cotton Kingdom came the spread of slavery. The work of slaves brought profits to planters.

II. An Agricultural Economy Cotton was grown in the Southern most part of the South. Rice, sugar cane, and tobacco were major crops in other parts of the South.

Small-scale farmers could not grow rice and sugar because it was too expensive. As a result, the plantation system dominated areas of sugar and rice production. In the early 1800s the large tobacco plantations were replaced by small tobacco farms.

The south also led the nation in livestock production.

Gregg modeled his cotton mill on the mills of Lowell Massachusetts. III. Limited Industry Some southerners, such as William Gregg wanted to encourage the growth of industry in the South. Gregg modeled his cotton mill on the mills of Lowell Massachusetts.

Tredegar Iron Works turned out railroad equipment, machinery, tools, and canons. Flour milling was an important southern industry. The south still lagged in Industry. Slavery reduced the need for southern industry.

IV. Economically Dependent The South became dependent on the North and Europe. Southerners borrowed money from northern banks and also purchased farm tools, furniture and machines from the North.

Many southerners came to resent the situation. Southerners did believe as long as cotton remained king they could look to the future with confidence.