Monday February 6th, 2017 Learning Target; I can make a cause and effect chart for the events of the early 1900’s Agenda News(check worksheet) Read Paragraph Notes Things to Remember; Syllabus Signed was due Friday (6th hour) Worksheet-vocab side due today, whole thing tomorrow

Trade Pass paragraphs to the left Read the paragraph grade it 1-5 5 use all words correctly, connecting them together 1 did not use most words, or the paragraph makes no sense

And So……. White Americans wanted American Indians to assimilate They changed the appearance of many American Indians The Dawes Act divided reservation land and sold off excess to whites They sent children to boarding schools far away from their homes And So……. White Americans wanted American Indians to assimilate

And So…. With land ‘cleared’ cowboys and ranchers are able to move cattle to feed growing northern cities And So…. Chicago becomes the hub for the cattle industry

And So…. Iron is available to America Economic boom in northern MN In 1887 a massive iron deposit 100 miles long & 3 miles wide was discovered Mesabi Range, Minnesota  Iron is available to America Economic boom in northern MN

By 1880 the U.S. produced 90% of the world’s steel The Bessemer Process efficiently creates steel And So……. New construction develops & cities expand (upward) By 1880 the U.S. produced 90% of the world’s steel Home Insurance Building Chicago The railroad industry booms Brooklyn Bridge

Thomas Edison perfected the incandescent light bulb and later invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power (aided by George Westinghouse) And So……. Multiple appliances and technologies are now mechanized – run by machines rather by manual power And So…. Workers are required not for specialized skill but boring repetitive tasks at machines And So…. Employees are not valued workers but rather expendable parts “workers become the interchangeable part”

Electricity means that factories no longer need to be next to water for source of power And So... Many factories move to the South -cheap labor -helps with rebuilding Electricity means that factories are no longer limited by daylight hours And So… Factories can stay open longer -worker hours increase

And So……. Factory jobs were demanding, low-paying, boring, repetitious, and often dangerous 6-7 days a week $.27 a day for 14 hours for children $498 average yearly pay for men And So……. Workers began to unionize Knights of Labor -both skilled & unskilled laborers American Federation of Labor -mostly skilled laborers -led by Samuel Gompers

They used new (sketchy?) And SO…. The capital needed for large factories was massive Business owners had to maximize profits to be successful And So… They had to produce more & pay workers less They sought investors & new markets They used new (sketchy?) business practices -trusts -holding companies -monopolies -horizontal integration -vertical integration

And So… Thousands of unskilled workers are needed to work in factories across the United States And So… Millions of immigrants enter the U.S. through Ellis Island in NY harbor searching for streets filled with gold

Millions of Immigrants come to America looking for work Disease Tenements AND SO….. Crime Filth Overcrowding

New Inventions and Innovations Massive Industrialization 3rd Wave of Immigration Poor Working Conditions Increase In Urban Population Socialist Party Forms 1901 Unions Gain Numbers and Power Overcrowding, Crime Rates Increase Rise of Political Machines

The Jungle Expose` of the meatpacking industry in Chicago Sinclair spent 7 weeks living in “Packingtown” -meticulously researched! Considered progressive journalism but not great literature Deals with issues of big business, immigration, political corruption, and impacts of capitalism Jurgis & Ona Rudkus from Lithuania https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyH7D9DF0Mc

Immigrants Arrive in America 2 ports of entry into the U.S. Ellis Island- New York City Angel Island- San Francisco Bay To enter the ports immigrants had to be healthy and show they had money, a skill, or a sponsor to provide for them. They had to go through a series of health tests and evaluations and could possibly be sent back to their homeland if they did not meet proper guidelines..

Ellis Island was built in 1892 as the 1st “Immigration Center” Later, closed in the 1940s Today it is a museum. The goal was to “screen” immigrants coming from Europe. Immigrants took physical examinations and were held at Ellis Island before they were released to the US mainland.

Ellis Island Most European immigrants came through here. (NYC) 1st and 2nd class passengers were inspected on the ship then released. 3rd class had to go in to be inspected. A series of medical and legal inspections would take place before you were allowed to take a ferry in to the city. Ellis Island was the more welcoming of the two ports.

Angel Island Most Chinese and Asian immigrants came through here (San Francisco Bay) Opened in 1910. Made it very hard for Chinese immigrants to come into the U.S. Most had to prove they were American citizens to be let in. Immigrants were sometimes left here for days or weeks in poor conditions.

Immigrants Assimilate Into Society Assimilate = to fit in. Most immigrants stayed in cities and lived in ethnic neighborhoods called ghettos. These neighborhoods would share the same language, religion, and culture. By 1890 many cities had a huge immigrant population. 4/5 people in NYC were immigrants.

Assimilation Americanization = helping newcomers learn American ways. (Language, customs, dress, and diet) In many cities Americanization institutions arose to help immigrants fit in. America became known as the “Melting Pot”. Immigrants usually stuck with their native cultures but children of immigrants were more likely to adopt American ways.

Immigrants Face Hostility Nativism = belief that native born white Americans were superior to immigrants. Competition for jobs and homes often fueled resentment and religious and cultural differences caused tensions as well. Chinese Exclusion Act = 1882 Prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers, limited civil rights of immigrants in America, and forbade naturalization of Chinese residents. A later ruling said the Chinese who were already in America were considered U.S. citizens.

Chinese Exclusion Act Resentment and discrimination against the Chinese. First law to restrict immigration. Taking away jobs from Nativists

Congress also passed another act that prohibited the entry of anyone who was a criminal, immoral, or someone who handicapped. These were the beginnings of immigration restriction in America. A quota act is later going to be placed on how many immigrants can come to the U.S. from a given country.

Immigrants Change America Immigrants changed America in many ways. Fueled industrial growth Acquired citizenship Elected politicians Made their traditions a part of American culture. Mexican Americans developed ranching techniques. Chinese, Irish, and Mexican workers built railroads. Immigrants worked in coal mines, steel and textile mills, and factories. Women immigrants worked in factories, seamstresses, laundresses, made piecework, and worked as servants. Immigrants helped the U.S. become a world power.