Radical\ Reconstruction

Is Slavery Dead?

Black Codes Laws passed by Southern States to take away the rights of African Americans Work contracts- jailed if not employed Could not rent or own property

Radical Republicans Republicans in Congress who wanted the federal government to force the South to change Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner

Rights for African Americans Freedmen’s Bureau Bill Would give the bureau more power and allow them to punish violators of African Americans’ rights. Civil Rights Acts of 1866 Would grant African Americans citizenship and the same legal rights as whites

Rights for African Americans Johnson vetoed both but Congress overrode vetoes Federal Government was exceeding its authority Unconstitutional because not passed by representatives from all states

PRESIDENTIAL 1 1 CONGRESSIONAL 1 The Score in 1866

Citizenship for African Americans 14th Amendment Passed June 1866, ratified 1868 “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall… deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” Citizenship for African Americans

Radical Reconstruction Begins Presidential Radical Reconstruction Begins 1866 elections in Congress: Radicals won majority in both houses of Congress

Radical Republican's Plan Congressional To join the Union: New constitution giving African American males suffrage Ratify 14th Amendment Only Tennessee back in by 1866

Radical Republican's Plan Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment Military Occupation of the South Suffrage for African Americans March 1867- Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts. Divided the 10 non-Union states into 5 military districts that were controlled by military commanders. Authorized the military to register eligible black voters and begin the process of making their constitutions.

Radical Republican's Plan Reconstruction Acts/Military Reconstruction Divided the 10 non-Union states into 5 military districts Military would register black voters 1867

Republicans took control of state governments. By 1868, AL, AK, FL, GA, LA, NC, & SC had rejoined the Union. By 1870, MS, VA, & TX had finally rejoined the Union.

X X Johnson on Trial Tenure of Office Act Law said President could not fire anyone without the Senate’s okay if the position originally required Senate approval.

Johnson on Trial February 1868- Johnson fired Sec. of War Stanton Edwin Stanton February 1868- Johnson fired Sec. of War Stanton House of Reps voted to impeach (bring charges against) him Senate held trial- if 2/3 voted guilty he would be removed from office.

Johnson on Trial NOT GUILTY!! NOT REMOVED FROM OFFICE!! 11 week trial Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote). NOT GUILTY!! NOT REMOVED FROM OFFICE!!

Victory for Grant New President Election of 1868 Congress had admitted 7 southern states back into the Union prior to the election, so the African American vote helped to secure a Victory for Grant.

A Tale of One Reconstruction!! New President Radicals + = A Tale of One Reconstruction!!

African American men can vote!! 15th Amendment Passed in 1869- ratified in 1870 “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” African American men can vote!!