Building Blocks of Matter Atoms, Elements, & Compounds Building Blocks of Matter

Levels of Organization

ATOMS

ATOMS MOLECULE

ATOMS MOLECULE CELLS

ATOMS MOLECULE CELLS TISSUE

ATOMS MOLECULE CELLS TISSUE ORGAN

ATOMS MOLECULE CELLS TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM

ATOMS MOLECULE CELLS TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM

Atoms are…. The smallest particle of matter that keeps the same properties Ex: Does spaghetti keep its same properties if you break it down into its parts?

Atoms cont. No! Same thing with atoms, this is as small and simple as you can get and still have the same substance. Let’s make this a little more clear….

So what happens when you break apart an atom? Then you get 3 things that act nothing like the original substance: 1) Protons- + charge Located in the nucleus 2) Neutrons- 0 charge 3) Electrons- -- charge Located outside nucleus

Finding Atoms Each type of atom has different properties and names So where do we go to find all this different information?!?

The Periodic Table Lists all types of atoms for you in one place  And you were worried it would be hard! It tells you all the info you need to know Atomic #= # of protons Atomic mass= # protons + # neutrons There will always be the same # of protons & electrons so the atom stays neutral Balanced charges

Bonding There are 3 types of bonds that stick atoms together: Ionic- atoms transfer electrons (Ex: Salt NaCl) Covalent- atoms share electrons (Ex: Oxygen O2) Sharing is Caring (C for covalent) Hydrogen- slight attraction between hydrogen of one compound and negative atom in another (Ex: between 2 water molecules)

So why do I care? Because when you put atoms together by bonding them, you come up with different substances You can make either: Elements= composed entirely of ONE type of atom On the periodic table OR Compounds= composed of TWO or MORE types of atoms Combinations of things on the periodic table

Now for some practice! Listen to your teacher for examples and follow along on your handout Pay attention! 

Water It’s super important to life on Earth! You are 70% water It is “neutral”, or has a pH of 7 Water molecules are made of 2 Hydrogen atoms for every 1 Oxygen atom

Bonding of water Water is Polar, that means it has a negative and positive end Look back at your drawing and tell me- which molecule has a positive charge?

Bonding of water Water is Polar, that means it has a negative and positive end Look back at your drawing and tell me- which molecule has a positive charge? That’s right, Hydrogen. So what is the charge on oxygen?

Bonding of water Water is Polar, that means it has a negative and positive end Look back at your drawing and tell me- which molecule has a positive charge? That’s right, Hydrogen. So what is the charge on oxygen? Yup, it’s negative. Great!

Bonding of water cont. We have fancy words for how water attaches to itself and other things Cohesion= when water molecules stick to other water molecules For example, when water forms drops It looks like this:

Bonding of water cont. This is another example Of cohesion  Adhesion= when water sticks to other things Ex: the meniscus in a graduated cylinder is caused when water sticks to the sides

Solutions When you mix anything with water, we say it has been put “into solution” Depending on the polarity of the substances, some substances will mix with water while others won’t

Solutions cont. Hydrophilic= substances that will mix with water. These are always polar substances. For example, sugar is hydrophilic since it will dissolve in water Hydrophobic= substances that won’t mix with water. These are always nonpolar substances. For example, oil is hydrophobic since it won’t mix with water