Ch. 6 Notes Atoms and Elements

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 6 Notes Atoms and Elements Headings: YELLOW Vocabulary: GREEN Important Stuff: PINK

Atomic # Atomic Mass The number of protons Determines the type of element Can only be changed with extremely high energy The total number of protons and neutrons P + N = mass OF THE ATOM

Isotopes Atoms of the same element with a DIFFERENT # OF NEUTRONS! The protons and electrons haven’t changed

Electrons Bohr Model Neutral atoms P = E Electrons are constantly moving They move in an electron cloud Electron cloud: the entire space that electrons occupy The electron cloud is subdivided into smaller regions CALLED ORBITALS Bohr Models are used to show the location of electrons in the atom Bohr Model 2e- 8e- Up to 18e- Up to 32e- Draw this in your notes!

Atoms Building Blocks of ALL Matter (ATOMS)! IF YOU TRY TO BREAK IT APART YOU NO LONGER HAVE A RECOGNIZABLE SUBSTANCE, INSTEAD YOU GET… SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IN THE ATOM Protons: POSITIVE CHARGE; IN NUCLEUS Neutrons: NO CHARGE; IN NUCLEUS Electrons: NEGATIVE CHARGE; IN ELECTRON CLOUD SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS

Subatomic Particle FACTS Have mass Protons and neutron have about the same mass Electrons have MUCH less mass. Most of the atom is empty space What is the overall charge of the nucleus?

John Dalton Came up with the ATOMIC THEORY Elements made of atoms All atoms for one element are the same Atoms of different element are different Compounds formed when atoms combine

The atom model Has changed over time Dalton-thought atoms were tiny hard spheres. Thompson-discovered the electron Rutherford-added the nucleus to the model Bohr-electrons move in a fixed orbit around the nucleus Schrodinger-electron cloud Create a timeline & illustrate each inventor’s contribution to the model to show how it has changed over time!

Carbon Isotopes 12 13 C 14 C C 6 6 6 Isotope Notation

Periodic Table List all known elements All periodic tables are a little different Can tell us the mass, # of p, n, e, state of matter, symbol, # of outer electrons Groups: some elements act like other elements; they were placed in groups