Happy Monday! Turn in Take home Test (To the basket) Essay (Miss Zito’s Desk) Vocabulary Journal Historical Background Genocide Intro to Night

Vocabulary Historical Context: Memoir: Historical context refers to the moods, attitudes, and conditions that existed in a certain time and impacts the setting of a story. Memoir: Historical account or biography written from personal knowledge

Journal 1/19 What do these photographs make you think of? Just start making a list. Write whatever comes to mind.

Elie Wiesel

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The eight stages of genocide, as defined by Gregory H. Stanton

The deliberate killing of a large group of people especially those of a large ethnic group or nation

What are the eight stages of genocide? Classification Symbolization Dehumanization Organization Polarization Preparation Extermination Denial

Stage One: CLASSIFICATION Insert Photo Here

Stage One: CLASSIFICATION Everyday, we speak in terms of “us” and “them.” Our team and their team. Americans and Iraqis. Christians and Muslims. Straights and gays. This is the first stage of genocide, though it does not mean that every society in which classification occurs will have a genocide occur. The more “bi-polar” the society is, the more likely a genocide is to occur. The more separate - physically and ideologically - these two groups in a society, the more likely that one will attempt to exterminate the other group.

Stage Two: SYMBOLIZATION

Stage Two: SYMBOLIZATION Once groups are classified, they typically - either of their own volition to establish their identity or by force so that the dominant group can easily identify them - adopt symbols so that they can be told apart. In some cases - particularly where race or ethnicity is concerned - symbolization occurs even before classification, as the symbols that suggest they belong with a certain group are innate, such as the color of their skin or their physical features. Again, this stage is one that does not necessarily lead to genocide.

Stage Three: DEHUMANIZATION

Stage Three: DEHUMANIZATION One group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of that group are equated with rodents, insects, other vermin, and even diseases. If this stage takes hold, it becomes more difficult to stop the progression of genocide.

Stage Four: ORGANIZATION

Stage Four: ORGANIZATION In order for the final stages of genocide to take place, organization must occur. The group that organizes in preparation is typically part of the state due to the amount of financial support required. It can, however, be a terrorist group; because of the amount of organization required, though, any group that successfully organizes a genocide is usually sanctioned - at least to some extent - by a state. To a certain extent, you should think of this stage as the proverbial “calm before the storm.” The roots of the final stages are beginning to take hold, but very little is actually being done to the victimized group yet.

Stage Five: POLARIZATION “Go where you wanted me to go, you evil spirit.”

Stage Five: POLARIZATION During this stage, the groups are driven even further apart ideologically. Hate groups begin broadcasting propaganda with greater frequency, and laws typically are enacted to forbid any sort of relations between the two groups. At this stage, it is not just the victimized group that suffers. Any “sympathizers” or moderates are either threatened or attacked by the dominant, oppressing group.

Stage Six: PREPARATION

Stage Six: PREPARATION Whereas in the previous stage the victimized group was separated ideologically from the dominant group, in this stage the victimized group is separated physically from the rest of the society. The victimized group or groups are gathered together, either in ghettoes or concentration camps. At times, they are even forced into a famine-struck area and starved, beginning the seventh stage of genocide. At this stage, the world typically becomes aware of what is going on, whether they actually step in or not.

Stage 7: Extermination

Stage Seven: EXTERMINATION This is the stage where this process legally becomes genocide. Mass killings occur quickly and systematically. When genocide is sponsored by the state, as it almost always is, the armed forces typically work with well-organized militias to exterminate the victims.

Stage Eight: DENIAL

Stage Eight: DENIAL If intervention does not occur during the seventh stage of genocide, denial always follows extermination. Mass graves are dug up and bodies are burned; the evidence that the genocide ever occurred is systematically eradicated. Witnesses are bribed, intimidated, or killed. Investigations into the crimes are blocked by the government that committed the atrocities. Typically, the victims of the genocide are blamed for their fates if their disappearance is brought up.

You can find the information in this presentation at www.genocidewatch.org/8stages.htm. This website also contains suggestions about how to stop genocide at each of the stages. Images taken from http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/sturmer.htm and various sources found through Google Images. Presentation created by Mr. Levandowski for use at Princeton High School.

GENOCIDE IS STILL A PROBLEM Why is this relevant? 1994 8,000-1,000,000 people killed in Rwanda, Africa 2003 400,000 people murdered in Darfur, Sudan GENOCIDE IS STILL A PROBLEM