Epidermal Lamellar Granules Transport Different Cargoes as Distinct Aggregates Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto, Michel Simon, Mari Kishibe, Yuki Miyauchi, Hidetoshi.

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Epidermal Lamellar Granules Transport Different Cargoes as Distinct Aggregates Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto, Michel Simon, Mari Kishibe, Yuki Miyauchi, Hidetoshi Takahashi, Shigetaka Yoshida, Timothy J. O'Brien, Guy Serre, Hajime Iizuka Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 122, Issue 5, Pages 1137-1144 (May 2004) DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The timing of expression of individual lamellar granules (LG) cargoes is unique. corneodesmosin (Cdsn) is expressed in the granular layer, slightly earlier than kallikrein (KLK)7 and KLK8 in the epiderms (a, b), whereas glucosylceramides (GlcCer) is expressed in the superficial epidermis (c, d), earlier than or simultaneously with Cdsn (e). cathepsin D (CatD) is expressed in the whole epidermis, with the strongest expression being in the stratum granulosum (f). Note apical localization of LG-associated molecules (arrows). DNA staining is colored blue in (a) and (b), and red in (c), (d) and (f). Detected antigens are colored as indicated in each figure. Differential interference microscopy image is superimposed upon immunofluorescent images in (d). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Lamellar granules (LG) cargo staining is overlapped with that of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). (a) A perinuclear pattern of TGN46 staining is noted among living epidermal cells. (b–d) Double staining of TGN46 and LG cargo. Double positive staining appears yellow. TGN46 staining is red, other antigens are colored green, and DNA staining is blue. Confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Lamellar granules appear differently depending on electron microscopic techniques. Corneodesmosin (Cdsn) immunoelectron microscopy. Isolated granules in post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy samples embedded in Lowicryl HM20 resin (a, b). Branched tubular structures with partial internal lamellar structure are seen in the cryo-ultramicrotomy sections (c–e). The area marked with a square in (c) is shown in (d) at a higher magnification. Cdsn is seen within these structures. Bar: 100 nm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Lamellar granules cargo aggregates in sack-like protrusion of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). (a) TGN46 is associated with the TGN at the trans face of the Golgi apparatus (Golgi) near the nucleus (Nu). (b, c) Corneodesmosin (Cdsn) labels are aggregated in the sack-like protrusions extending from the TGN46-positive tubules. Note the laminated internal structure (white arrow) in the protrusion. Sizes of the colloidal gold particles are indicated in each figure. Bar: 100 nm. One micrometer in the inset in (a) and (b). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) in lamellar granules (LG). (a–c) Abundant labels are associated with vesiculo-tubular structures that appear to represent cross-sections of branched tubular structures. Note that there are still immuno-negative portions in these structures (black arrows) suggesting heterogeneity in the contents of the LG. (d, e) Sack-like protrusions (white arrows) extending from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) (black arrows). The area shown in (a) corresponds to the area marked with a square in the inset. Ten nanometer gold single labeling of GlcCer (a–d) and double labeling of TGN46 with 10 nm gold and GlcCer with 5 nm gold (e). d, desmosome; SC, stratum corneum. Bar: 1 μm in the inset in (a), and 100 nm in the others. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Secretion of lamellar granules (LG) and separate transport of LG contents. (a, b) Apical surface of a granular cell. Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) labels (10 nm gold) are seen in the inter-cellular spaces (ICS) above the granular cells. Some LG are secreted into the ICS (white arrow) and others are about to be secreted (black arrows). (c, d) Localization of corneodesmosin (Cdsn) and GlcCer. Note that Cdsn (5 nm gold labels) and GlcCer (10 nm gold labels) are localized separately in the beaded structure of LG (d). The areas marked with squares in (a) and (c) are shown at higher magnifications in (b) and (d), respectively. Bar: 1μm in (a) and (c), 100 nm in (b) and (d). SC, stratum corneum. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Aggregation of lamellar granules (LG) proteins. Corneodesmosin (Cdsn) and kallikrein (KLK)8 labels are associated with separate aggregates in the sack-like protrusion of Golgi apparatus (Golgi) in (a), and interconnected vesicles of different sizes in (b) and (c). (c) Apical portion of the granular cell where LG are very close to the cell surface. d, desmosome. Sizes of gold particles are indicated in each figure. Bar: 1 μm in the inset in (b), 100 nm in the other figures. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Localization of cathepsin D (CatD) and corneodesmosin (Cdsn). (a) The apical surface of a granular cell just beneath the stratum corneum (SC). Lamellar granules (LG) containing CatD (white arrow) are open to the cell surface. The area shown in (a) corresponds to the area marked with a square in the inset. (b, c) CatD labels are associated with small vesicles (white arrows) at the trans face of Golgi apparatus (Golgi) near the nucleus (Nu). (d, e) CatD and Cdsn labels are seen in aggregates in LG. Note the thin cord-like interconnection (*) between the Cdsn-positive granule and the CatD-positive granule in (e). D, desmosome. Ten nanometer gold labeling for CatD (a, b). Ten nanometer gold is used for CatD and 5 nm for Cdsn in (c) and (d). Five nanometer gold is used for CatD and 10 nm for Cdsn in (e). Bar: 1 μm in the inset in (a), 100 nm in the others. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 Localization of corneodesmosin (Cdsn) and kallikrein (KLK)7. (a) Cdsn and KLK7 labels are associated with distinct aggregates in the lamellar granules (LG). The area shown in (a) corresponds to the area marked with a square in the inset. (b) At the stratum granulosum (G)–stratum corneum (C) junction, Cdsn labels are rich at the desmoglea of desmosomes (d), but KLK7 labels are seen outside of desmosomes. Five nanometer gold is used for Cdsn and 10 nm gold for KLK7. Bar: 1μm in the inset in (a), 100 nm in the others. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 10 Hypothetical scheme of lamellar granules (LG)-molecular trafficking in keratinocytes. LG are branched tubular structures continuous with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Kallikrein (KLK)7, KLK8, corneodesmosin (Cdsn), and glucosylceramides (GlcCer) are individually transported as aggregates directly form bulbous protrusions of the TGN. Cathepsin D (CatD) are sorted into small vesicles from the TGN. Some of the vesicles may subsequently join with LG. Alternatively; some CatD may escape small vesicle targeting and be secreted from LG. All the LG molecules are released from the apical surface of the flattened most-superficial granular cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1137-1144DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22515.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions