Origin of Republican Government Day 6

Vocabulary at a Glance Popular Sovereignty Magna Carta A system in which the residents vote to decide an issue. Magna Carta “Great Charter”, a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, approved by King John in 1215.

Vocabulary at a Glance English Bill of Rights Parliament An agreement signed by William and Mary to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament, including the right to free elections. Parliament England’s chief lawmaking body Separation of Powers The division of basic government roles into branches.

Origin of Government 1/2/2019 4 4

King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta 1/2/2019 5 5

Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215 at Runnymede (Outside of London). King John expected much of nobles. He punished his nobles severely when they failed to do what he wanted. The Magna Carta stated that the King does not have unlimited power and he must follow the laws like everyone else. 1/2/2019 6 6

Magna Carta 1/2/2019 7 7

This document gave freedoms and guarantees to the Nobles that the King must follow. This document placed limits on the power of the monarch. England’s lawmaking body, parliament, emerged as a force that the king had to depended on to pay for wars and to finance the royal government. 1/2/2019 8 8

English Bill of Rights The English Bill of Rights was signed in 1689 by William and Mary during the Glorious Revolution. It guaranteed certain basic rights to all citizens. This document became part of the heritage of English law that the American colonists shared and later inspired the people who created the American Bill of Rights. 1/2/2019 9 9

English Bill of Rights 1/2/2019 10 10

The Framers of the Constitution utilized many ideas from both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights in the creation of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights in the formation of our country. 1/2/2019 11 11

Declaration of Independence 1/2/2019 12 12

The Declaration of Independence states that governments derive their powers from “the consent of the governed.” The opening words of the Constitution, “We the people” reinforce this idea of popular sovereignty or authority of the people. 1/2/2019 13 13

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Enlightenment and American Government

Locke (1632-1704) US Constitution Enlightenment Idea Preamble begins “We the people of the United States” to establish legitimacy Creates representative government Limits government powers Declaration of Independence states that the people have the right to abolish an oppressive government and establish a new one. All men are endowed with certain inalienable rights among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Enlightenment Idea A government’s power comes from the consent of the people All people are born free and equal, with natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

Voltaire (1694-1778) Enlightenment Idea Free speech, religious toleration US Constitution Bill of Rights provides for freedom of speech and religion.

Montesquieu (1689-1755) Enlightenment Idea Separation of powers US Constitution Constitution provides for a Federal system of government Powers divided among three branches; executive, legislative, and judicial. System of checks and balances.

Rousseau (1712-1778) Enlightenment Idea Direct Democracy US Constitution Constitution provides the framework for a democratic system of government Public election of president and Congress

Beccaria (1738-1794) Enlightenment Idea Accused have rights, no torture US Constitution Bill of Rights protects rights of accused and prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.