The Civil War to Reconstruction Chapter 4

Regional Differences Northern Society Urbanization – people moved from farms to cities Industrialization – factories in cities offered work for the large populations Large scale immigration grew the cities and created labor supply

Regional Differences Southern Society More rural based (small population) Slavery is part of the society (accepted) Economy is dependent on cash crops Few immigrants

Regional Differences Discussion Question Can a country run effectively if there is a major law that is legal in one part and illegal in another? Explain why or why not.

Court Cases / Issues Missouri Compromise – Missouri allowed as a slave state / Maine free state Slavery not allowed above 36th parallel

Court Cases / Issues California applies as a free state in 1849 Angers pro-slavery southern states, as they lose representation in congress Compromise of 1850 – California allowed as free states – Fugitive Slaves Act, runaway slaves must be returned to south

Court Cases / Issues Dred Scott Case Dred Scott was a slave that sued unsuccessfully for his freedom The Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott

Court Cases / Issues Abolitionists – People who wanted to end slavery Underground Railroad – escape routes to the north (Canada) Harriet Tubman led many slaves to freedom

Discussion/Writing Question Court Cases / Issues Discussion/Writing Question Did the Civil War have to be fought or could it have been avoided with more compromises by each side? As a group come up with one 2-3 sentence response to this prompt and a drawing that represents your solution.

Court Cases / Issues Bleeding Kansas – Popular Sovereignty – people vote to have slavery or not in their territory Fighting erupted in Kansas before the vote, and people were killed Kansas did not allow slavery

Court Cases / Issues Abraham Lincoln (northerner) is elected President in 1860 Southern slave states secede (break away) and form the Confederate States of America President Lincoln was committed to keep the country together

Court Cases / Issues Confederate States of America (South) 7 States (South Carolina was the first to leave) Jefferson Davis – President of Confederacy Richmond, Virginia (Capital City)

The Civil War The Advantages North 97% domestic made weapons Clothing Railroads Population Food Production South Did not need to attack Better Soldiers Mountain Men Better Generals Knew the land

Fighting and Hospitals The Civil War Fighting and Hospitals Musket Riffles – the typical weapon for both sides Slow loading but very powerful Lined up and shot each other

Fighting and Hospitals The Civil War Fighting and Hospitals Hospitals were very dangerous Most soldiers died from disease Lack of medicine Postwar drug problem (morphine) for soldiers

The Civil War Union (North) Ulysses S. Grant - Head of army William Sherman Famous general Confederate (South) Robert E. Lee Head of army Thomas Jackson Famous general

The Civil War Famous Battles Battle at Shiloh – 2 days fighting, over 25,000 men killed Battle at Antietam – 1 day fighting, 26,000 men killed Battle at Gettysburg – 3 days fighting, over 51,000 killed or wounded (largest battle)

The Civil War African Americans Initially not allowed in the Union Army Every black had personal stake in ending slavery President Lincoln decides to allow blacks to volunteer in the Union Army

The Civil War African Americans Emancipation Proclamation (1863) – Lincoln’s speech frees slaves in Union held territories Symbolic because it now made the war about ending slavery, not reunification

The Civil War African Americans 180,000 African Americans joined the Union Army (54th Regiment) 10% of Union Army were Black, but they were only 1% of the population in the north

The Civil War Women Contributions Union Women worked as nurses and in factories Dorthea Dix – head of Union nurses Clara Barton – founded the Red Cross Confederate Worked as nurses Ran plantations Some fought as soldiers Some were spies

The Civil War End of War Sherman’s March – led Union Army from Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean Destroyed southern land and broke moral of the people Northern advantages wore down the south South surrenders at Appomattox, Virginia. (April 3, 1865)

The Civil War Stats 4 years of fighting (1861 – 1865) Over 600,000 Americans died, 2% of total population War costs $3.3 billion

Future? The war left a lot of hatred Are the slaves going to be freed? Should the South be punished or welcomed back? What will President Lincoln do? Gettysburg Address – Lincoln’s famous speech hints that big changes will be made after the war

Reconstruction Reconstruction – the time period after the Civil War (1865 – 1877) President Lincoln assassination – 5 days after the war ends, Lincoln is shot to death John Wilkes Booth – southerner who killed Lincoln

Reconstruction Andrew Johnson – becomes president after Lincoln He did not want to punish the south First President to be impeached, but not voted out by Congress

Reconstruction Gains for Southern Blacks 13th Amendment (1865) – ended slavery in America 14th Amendment (1868) – gave citizenship to former slaves 15th Amendment (1870) – right to vote for all African American men. There was a literacy test, a voting tax, and a grandfather clause that made this amendment hard to pass.

Reconstruction Gains for Southern Blacks Freedman’s Bureau – government agency to help southern blacks Informed of voting rights Financial relief Insured their rights as citizens Civil Rights Act of 1875 – outlawed segregation in the south

Reconstruction Gains for Southern Blacks Carpetbaggers – northerners that helped Reconstruction in the south Scalawags – southerners that helped Reconstruction Teachers, businessmen, church goers

Reconstruction Southern White Backlash Sharecropping – former slave owners “rents” out farmland to former slaves Kept “newly freed” southern blacks working for their former masters

Reconstruction Southern White Backlash Voting Restrictions – ways to keep southern blacks from voting Poll Tax – pay to votes Literacy Tests – pass test to vote Grandfather Clause – any man could vote if their father / grandfather could vote January 1st , 1867

Reconstruction Southern White Backlash Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – white power organization Started in Pulaski, Tennessee (1866) Used violence and intimidation to keep to southern blacks from gaining equality Lynching – killing and hanging the body from a tree (accused of raping)