Introduction to the Ferns

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to the Ferns A presentation for the LEA August 16, 2012

Introduction to the Ferns Fern structure How to identify ferns Fern life history

Fern Structure leaf (frond) rhizome (stem)

The Leaf (Frond) blade leaf (frond) rachis pinna (leaflet) petiole

How to Identify Ferns Rhizome habit: is the underground stem ± upright or is it long-creeping? Leaf shape: broadest at base, middle, above middle …? Leaf dissection: once-pinnate, twice pinnate, etc. Indument: of hairs, scales, or both? Sorus shape and position: round and near margin, etc. Indusium: present or absent Habitat: swamps, rocky woods, etc.

Rhizome habit: is the underground stem ± upright or is it long-creeping more or less upright Rhizome habit: is the underground stem ± upright or is it long-creeping?

Leaf shape: broadest at base, middle, above middle …?

Leaf dissection: once-pinnate, once-pinnate-pinnatisect, etc.

Examples of variously divided leaves twice- pinnate Petiole or stipe simple (entire) once-pinnate pinnate

Indument: of hairs, scales, or both?

Sorus shape and position: round and near margin, etc.

Indusium: present or absent

Habitat: Cinnamon fern: Interrupted fern: sunnier, wetter: shadier, not so wet: Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon fern

Ferns are spore-dispersed plants Fern Life History Ferns are spore-dispersed plants

The spore is one-celled, and structurally simple

Whereas the seed is multicellular and complex in structure embryo Whereas the seed is multicellular and complex in structure

So what happens to the spore?

A mature fern gametophyte

Archegonium Antheridium

Fertilization