An experimental study comparing the respiratory effects of tapentadol and oxycodone in healthy volunteers R. van der Schrier, K. Jonkman, M. van Velzen,

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An experimental study comparing the respiratory effects of tapentadol and oxycodone in healthy volunteers R. van der Schrier, K. Jonkman, M. van Velzen, E. Olofsen, A M Drewes, A. Dahan, M. Niesters British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 119, Issue 6, Pages 1169-1177 (December 2017) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex295 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Examples of the effect of placebo (A), tapentadol 100 mg (B), tapentadol 150 mg (C) and oxycodone 20 mg (D) on the hypercapnic ventilatory response curve (data are from a single subject). Each circle is a 1-min average; the lines through the data points are the linear regression curves. The horizontal part of the curves denote data without any added inspired CO2. The orange vertical lines (x = 7.3 kPa or 55 mmHg) intersect with the regression lines at VE55. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1169-1177DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex295) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Effect of treatment on isohypercapnic ventilation at 7.3 kPa or 55 mmHg (VE55). Values are relative to the baseline value at t = 0 (100%, prior to any drug intake). Values are mean ± 95% confidence interval. Placebo (green symbols), tapentadol 100 mg (blue symbols), tapentadol 150 mg (grey symbols) and oxycodone 20 mg (orange symbols). Medication was taken at t = 0. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1169-1177DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex295) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Effect of treatment on dizziness (A) and sedation (B). Values are median ± interquartile range (IQR). Placebo (green symbols), tapentadol 100 mg (blue symbols), tapentadol 150 mg (grey symbols) and oxycodone 20 mg (orange symbols). Medication was taken at t = 0. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1169-1177DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex295) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Utility functions of tapentadol 100 mg (blue lines) and oxycodone 20 mg (orange lines). The function is the probability of at least 50% analgesia minus the probability of 50% respiratory depression. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 119, 1169-1177DOI: (10.1093/bja/aex295) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions