Greek Tragedies.

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Tragedies

The Setting Theater of Dionysus in Athens Holds between 14,000 – 18,000 spectators Some spectators were 75 yards away from the stage All plays done during the day No stage lighting – very bare sets – very limited props Theater of Dionysus in Athens

Layout of the Greek theater Orchestra Theatron “dancing place” Simple circular place where chorus sang and danced “watching place” A hillside where audience could watch Later was marble or wooden planks Parados Skene “passageways” Entrance and exit for audience Paths used by chorus and some actors “Tent” Backstage in essence… usually looked like a building

The Actors Chorus Costumes Archetypes Chorus – anywhere from 12-15 people act as the chorus Costumes were simple compared to today’s standards – elaborately decorated robes, slippers, masks (don’t confuse with immense Roman masks) Masks – allowed actors to assume multiple roles – also projected voices Characters were UNIVERSAL REPRESENTATIONS – not individuals

Language Example: “My children, scions of the ancient Cadmean line, what is the meaning of this thronging round my feet, this holding out of olive boughs all wreathed in woe?” Lofty language, Artificial, Poetic No difference between language used by kings, slaves, foreigners. Composed in verse – mixes spoken language, chanted lines, lines that are sung.

Format of a Greek play Scenes of dialogue 15 man chorus This arrangement allows the chorus to comment in its song on what has been said and/or done in the preceding scene.

Sophocles (496?-406 B.C.) Born to wealthy factory owner Was a general, a politician, but also excelled at music and writing Wrote over 120 tragedies, but only 7 survive Lived until he was 90 Most famous plays were the Oedipus plays. Was the first to use three actors on the stage.

Important Terms Tragic Hero The chorus Dramatic Irony Choragos Strophe Antistrophe Dramatic Irony “Deus Ex Machina” Tragic hero The chorus choragos – leader of the chorus strophe – verse (chorus move from right to left while singing) antistrophe – verse answering the strophe (chorus reverses swinging motion)

Theatrical Machines Deus Ex Machina: “God from the Machine” This term now is applied to any unbelievable, improbable, “miracle” ending.

Elements of Tragedy Follows the classic plot structure Pity & Fear Catharsis: Feeling of relief and exaltation Hubris: Hero’s Tragic Flaw Reversal of Protagonist’s Fortune Recognition of fall and acceptance of responsibility The public suffering of the Protagonist

Elements of Tragedy Through action man reveals his possibilities for good and bad. Ultimate risk reveals truth in his actions. Action represents choice (freedom). Choices lead to suffering. Choices are not clearly good or evil; this presents a dilemma.