Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires

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Fall of the Aztec & Incan Empires

Spanish Conquistadors Soldier/Explorers who came to the Americas in hopes of finding treasure Inspired by Columbus to seek fortune in the New World Many came from a part of Spain called Extremadura. poor soil, icy winters, & blistering hot summers held little chance for wealth Hernan Cortes was born in this province

Spanish Conquistadors

Hernan Cortes Spanish conquistador who reached Mexico in 1519 in search of treasure Arrived in Mexico with 550 soldiers, 16 horses, 14 canons, & a few dogs The group was met by Aztec emperor, Montezuma II

Cortes invades Mexico How could such a small force conquer a huge empire? Cortes used horses and guns 2. Malintzin (a Mayan woman) gave Cortes the inside scoop on the Aztec empire & helped him form alliances against Montezuma 3. Cortes had invisible help: diseases that killed more Aztecs than Spanish swords

Cortes Meeting Montezuma

Cortes Defeats the Aztec Cortes traveled 400 miles to reach Tenochitlan. Montezuma did not attack right away because he thought Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl. The Spanish were able to take control of the city & took Montezuma hostage. Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop sacrificing people.

Cortes Defeats Aztec Cortes’ orders angered Aztec; planned a rebellion Montezuma was killed in the rebellion The Spanish were outnumbered, so they fled the city Before Spanish could prepare a 2nd attack, smallpox broke out in Tenochitlan & weakened the Aztec empire. 1521--Spanish destroyed the Aztec capital.

After Conquering the Aztec… Cortes took part in one more expedition to Honduras. Became Governor General of New Spain Returned to Spain a very wealthy man died in Spain,1547

Francisco Pizarro Pizarro was also from the Extremadura. He was not of noble birth; could not even write his name. At age 16, Pizarro fled a job herding pigs in Italy. 1502--He arrived in the Americas and became very wealthy by exploring Panama. heard a rumor that there was a great empire filled with gold in the mountains of South America

The Inca 1530s--Inca thought they ruled most of the world. 1.They couldn’t stop the spread of smallpox. 2. They couldn’t scare away Pizarro.

Pizarro Conquers the Inca Pizarro led 160 soldiers to the Incan homeland. raided Incan storehouses & fired guns at villagers Incan emperor, Atahualpa, thought Pizarro was crazy--how could he stand up to an army of 80,000 Incan warriors? 1532--Pizarro came up with a plan to defeat the Inca.

Atahualpa

Pizarro Defeats the Inca Spanish messengers invited Atahualpa to a meeting. He agreed & left most of his army behind--brought only 5,000 bodyguards. Pizarro’s 160 soldiers attacked the Inca & kidnapped Atahualpa. Pizarro offered to free Atahualpa if he filled one room with gold & one with silver. Atahualpa kept his end of the bargain, but Pizarro killed him in 1533.

After Conquering the Inca… Spanish king made Pizarro the governor of Peru. Pizarro’s conquest of Peru opened most of South America to Spanish rule. Spain controlled a giant territory covering 375,000 miles with almost 7 million inhabitants.