Role Of Institutions & Good Governance Sustainable Mobility by - Ashwini Bhide IAS Managing Director, Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.

STAND ALONE PT SYSTEMS Limitations Mumbai Metropolitan Region – Transport Operators 80% of Mobility needs met by Public Transport; Lack of Capacity & Integration Cause of falling PT Share Need to address Governance issues to address losing edge of PT and Sustainability OPERATORS IN MMR Central Railway (Main, Harbour & Trans Harbour) Western Railway Mumbai Metro Line 1 (MMOPL) Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport (BEST) Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) Municipal Transport undertakings of Thane, Navi Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivali and Mira-Bhayander (TMT, NMMT, KDMT, MBMT) App-Based Cab Aggregators like Ola/Uber Taxis & Auto Rickshaws Private Vehicle; $ Vheeler & 2 Wheeler Largest PT, troubled by overcrowding. Have Physical & Internal Fare integration. Lack External Fare integration with other PT & Multi-model Integration STAND ALONE PT SYSTEMS Limitations Physical Integration with others Fare Integration Information Flow Ease of Travel from one mode to other modes Loosing commuters to user friendly IPT Systems. Fast growing New age IPT Address Mobility needs and responsible for falling PT share (partially) Consume 80% road space, 95% public parking, cause of congestion (Still Growing)

Rise of App-Based Cabs in Mumbai Traditional Taxi/Auto service quality, operators behavior articulated IPT users to prefer app based services that offer; Choice and quality of vehicles. Door to door service. Customer service & feedback - feel good experience. Declared (pre) fare & Ease of payment. Popularity soared despite surge pricing. Backed by accurate customer data/preferences provide innovation in services - Share/Pool Services Inclusion of Taxis & Rickshaws Rental & Outstation Services Taxi aggregators like Ola and Uber have surpassed popularity of traditional Auto/Taxis in Mumbai

Challenges in Public Transport Integration Organization orientation & Legacy issues; Leadership, Budget/funding, Fleet & outreach Physically segregated systems (different RoW); Underground, On-ground, Elevated and Road based Lack of planning & space for physical integration Inconsistent / incompatible fare policies & political interferences No data on commuter characteristics, preferences, research and analytics Absence of citizens charter incentive Compete with (PV & IPT) Modern fleet, personalized information based, service oriented

Major Capital Investments in Metro projects pan India City System Length (km) Lines Stations IO UC Planned[ Kolkata 27.22 113.42 1 24 Delhi NCR + 307 110 111 8 225 Bengaluru 42.30 34.37 57.07 2 41 Mumbai (MMR) 11.4 80.0 156.8 112 Jaipur 9.63 2.4 23.01 9 Chennai 35 18.52 104.4 26 Kochi 18.4 25.6  56.7 3 49 Lucknow 8.5 33  140 33 Hyderabad 30 41.6 168 64 Nagpur 43 93 42 Pune 31.5 54 Source: DPRs of Respective Projects / Web based information

FARE STRUCTURE OF METRO Average Trip Length (kms.) Challenges of Sustainable Transport in Tier - II Cities Cities like Chennai, Lucknow, Jaipur are yet to realize 10% of ridership estimates. Similar challenges expected by Nagpur, Pune and others. Challenges in modal shift from private to public transport need to be analyzed. Considerations - Behavioral change Affordable fare (willingness to pay) Low integration and convenience Fare Fixation Mechanism to consider local conditions and affordability including dynamic fare structure. Objective should be to attract more commuters to high capacity systems If not fully utilized fare revenue may not meet O&M costs. FARE STRUCTURE OF METRO Tier - II Cities Average Trip Length (kms.) Average Fare (Rs.) Lucknow (2018-19) 0 - 2 9 - 12 > 24 12 25 35 Kochi (2016-17) 10 21 30 *Pune (2020-2021) 50 *Nagpur 15 41 Chennai (2013-14) Mumbai (2017-18) 40 * - Proposed Fare Structure

Governance & Integration Challenges to be addressed Socially Equitable Infrastructure, ensure commuter safety, comfort & convenience. Fare and Multimodal Integration Seamless Connectivity through Physical & Soft Integration leading to Optimum Travel Time & Cost (out of pocket) Passenger Information System Access & Last Mile Connectivity to all PT stations/Terminal. Improve Walkability and create commuter experience zones @PT stations. Encourage Non motorized Transport to PT Stations and Terminal with Parking. In absence, the mega investments on infrastructure would not only be unsustainable but fast turn in to Burden to society (NPA)

Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority setup to address Governances Issues: need for empowerment UMTA in present form; Operating as a committee Congregation of officers from various departments/Agencies Lack of Data base, Professional inputs, commuter orientation Empowered UMTA needed to integrate/regulate/enforce - Lead by Professionals Data & Research backed decisions Provide an objective framework to all operators Sustainable Fare policy Propagate Multi-modal integration Formulation of transport land use policies All Operators to be accountable to UMTA; can remain independent.

Commuter centric Governance Institutional Mechanism Priority to Service Delivery & Quality Collaborative Environment Commuter, Ease of Travel &Sustainability Focus Ensure Priority Better

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