Proteins.

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Presentation transcript:

Proteins

Proteins Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids.

Amino Acid Hydrogen Carboxylic Acid Group Amino Group Side Chain Proteins are made of 20 different amino acids

20 Amino Acids All of the many types of proteins are made from 20 different amino acids.

Amino Acids Make Proteins Different combinations of amino acids produce different kinds of proteins.

Peptide Bond Amino acids are joined together by covalent bonds called peptide bonds. Any amino acid can join any other amino acid.

Function of Proteins Movement - actin and myosin in muscle fibers Structure - collagen found almost everywhere in animals Regulation - enzymes Transport - hemoglobin in blood Nutrition - food group Defense - antibodies

End of Proteins

Lipids

Lipids Fats Oils Waxes Phospholipids Steroids Vitamins

Lipids Lipids are generally insoluble in polar substances such as water and defined as hydrophobic.

Lipid Molecule Lipid molecules are made up of fatty acids and glycerol

Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids Saturated - Carbons contain the maximum # of hydrogen atoms Unsaturated - At least one carbon-carbon double bond

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Lipids whose fatty acid chains contain more than one double bond.

Functions of Lipids Long-term energy storage - fats and oils Protection and insulation - fats Water-proofing - waxes Body function and control - hormones and cholesterol Structural - phospholipids, a major component of the cell plasma membrane

Why do elephant seals have so much fat?