Physical activity and fitness Chapter 3: Health

The group of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products Circulatory system

The body’s main source of energy Circulatory system

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (in red) Artery

Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from all parts of the body (in blue) Vein

The smallest type of blood vessel Capillary

Plasma The yellowish, watery portion of blood Over half the volume of blood is plasma Plasma

Part of the blood that helps it to clot Platelets

Classified according to the type of red blood cells it contains

When a person’s heart is working harder than it should to push blood through his or her body High blood pressure

Systemic circulation Sends blood to all body parts except the lungs Blood returns from the lungs to the heart Systemic circulation

Consists of bones, joints, and connecting tissue Skeletal system

Store calcium Make new blood cells Support the body frame Bones

A place where two or more bones meet Joints

Skull joints are immovable

Can move in all directions Ball and socket joints

Strong, flexible tissue that cushions bones and supports soft tissues Cartilage

Tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs Muscular system

Muscles Work as pairs in opposition to move bone Contract and extend to cause movement Muscles

Tissue that joins muscle to muscle, or muscle to bone Tendon

The ability to handle the physical work and play of everyday life without becoming overly tired Physical fitness

Physical activity that improves or maintains fitness Exercise

The ability to perform vigorous physical activity without getting overly tired Endurance

How much energy you use when you work out Intensity

The ability of muscles to exert a force Strength

The ability to move joints fully and easily Flexibility

Increase flexibility and reduce the risk of injury during other exercises Stretching exercises

Synthetic compounds that cause muscle tissue to develop at an abnormally high rate Anabolic steroids

Gentle exercises that should always be included in a workout session Warm up

Gentle exercises that let your body adjust to ending a workout Cool down

Best exercise for heart and lung endurance Swimming

This prefix refers to the heart Cardio

Check your pulse in the middle of a workout to check your target heart rate

Exercising too hard or too often, without enough rest in between Overtraining

Occurs when you lose an excessive amount of water from your body. Can cause muscle cramps Dehydration

Help restore fluids to your body after being involved in an activity for more than an hour Sports drinks

Compared with team sports, an individual sport allows you more freedom to set your own schedule Sport activities

It is best to choose a variety of foods from major food groups each day to give your body enough fuel to play a sport Healthy eating

Avoiding injury Wear appropriate protective equipment Warm up before game Make sure you use proper techniques for your sport Avoiding injury

Have fun and keep moving! Remember….