Also known as the urinary system. Excretory System Also known as the urinary system.

I. Organs A. Kidneys- retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum) B. Bladder- reservoir for urine, rugae allow expansion. C. Ureters- tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder. D. Urethra- tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Structures of urinary tract

II. Structure of the kidneys A. Renal cortex- outer portion of the kidneys where the nephrons are located. B. Renal medulla- composed of pyramids, cone shaped funnels. C. Renal pelvis- funnel shaped sac with calyces. These direct urine from all areas of the kidneys.

Detail of kidney

D. Nephron- the functional unit 1. Renal corpuscle- a. glomerulus- network of capillaries that surround the… b. Capsule of Bowman- selective filtration occurs. 2. Renal tubule- a. proximal convoluted tubule. b. loop of Henle c. distal convoluted tubule

Glomerulus

Renal tubule

III. Physiology of the kidneys A. Glomerulus- water and true solutes are filtered out of the blood and returned to the body. B. Tubular reabsorption- occurs in renal tubules. A counter current mechanism allows waste materials to be removed while substances needed by the body are retained.

Nephron

IV. Medical problems B. Hematuria- blood in the urine. A. Diuresis- increased secretion of urine. B. Hematuria- blood in the urine. C. Hemodialysis- artificial kidney.

Artificial kidney

Get Smart Body.com http://getbodysmart.com/ap/urinarysystem/kidney/externalanatomy/tutorial.html KIDNEY TUTORIALS FOUND ON WEBSITE ARE: GROSS EXTERNAL ANATOMY GROSSS INTERNAL ANATOMY HISTOLOGY OF THE CORTEX REGION HISTOLOGY OF THE MEDULLA REGION