Smart Governance and the Co-production of Public Policy and Services William Webster and Charles Leleux University of Stirling ‘Being digital: Digital technologies and citizen-centred approaches to participation, surveillance and privacy’ Workshop University of Stirling, 24 February 2017

SmartGov: Smart Governance of Sustainable Cities ESRC-funded collaborative research project (2015-19) Citizen engagement in co-production of service delivery and decision-making in sustainable cities, using ICTs. Fundação Getulio Vargas, Sao Paolo, Brazil (Curitiba) Utrecht University, Netherlands (Utrecht) University of Stirling, Scotland (Glasgow)

The Changing Role of the Citizen The Smart cities agenda dominated by discourse about the use of new digital technologies to improve service delivery The digital era also offers new opportunities for citizens to engage and co-produce services and policy Reflects transformational changes in citizens’ lives The ubiquity of social media and ICTs

Does Smart City Governance Represent a New Era of Engagement? Recognition that previous forms of engagement had failed leading to disengaged communities Redistribution of power and equality of participation New opportunities for building mutual trust Shared understanding of urban problems Co-production successes builds confidence Citizen-centric focus to policy-making

Co-Production of Policy and Services Co-production refers to practices in the delivery of public services in which citizens are involved in the creation of public policies and services. Citizens are not only consulted, but are part of the conception, design, steering, and management of services (to different degrees…) In a Smart City environment this is partly realised through new digital technologies Can include direct digital engagement and also through the use of data created via the consumption of services

Types of Co-production in the Smart City Can be orientated to shaping policy and/or services Can be deliberative, consultative or productive Hackathons Fablabs and Maker spaces Living-labs Smart urban labs Citizens’ dashboard Gamification concepts Open datasets’ Crowdsourcing Opinion mining Service use data

Policy Implications: Initial Observations Disconnect between smart tech & participative democracy Democratic citizen engagement vs Smart Cities tendency to use administrative solutions New technologies can exaggerate the power and influence of both the individual and the collective Smart Cities at nexus of urban data flows Use of ‘big data’ in policy-making and service delivery New opportunities for citizen engagement in service re- design and co-production

Further Information http://smartgov-project.com/ http://www.crisp-surveillance.com/ CRISP@stir.ac.uk @CrispSurv