April 11, 2011 Write about your spring break. (AT LEAST ONE GOOD PARAGRAPH!) What are the two main types of cells?

Two Cell Types

Eukaryotes: Have a NUCLEUS!

Cells Are made of organelles Like little organs in cells, each with their own function

Cells Levels of Organization Atom  molecule  macromolecule  organelle  cell  tissue  organ  organ system  organism

Levels of Organization in Living Things Carbon  amino acid  protein  cell membrane  muscle cell  smooth muscle  heart  circulatory system  human

Plasma Membrane Structure made of proteins and lipids (some carbs) Function - monitors substances moving in & out of cell Found In - all cells

Cytoplasm Structure semifluid (like jello), clear Function - supports and protects organelles by holding them in place allows medium for travel Lots of chem reactions occur here Found In - All cells

Cytoskeleton Structure - long, thin, protein fibers (microtubules/microfilaments) Function - moves organelles with the cell - helps maintain cell shape Found In - All eukaryotic cells

Nucleus Structure - largest organelle in the cell looks like a sphere Does NOT have to be in the center Function Holds DNA and Nucleolus Found In - All eukaryotic cells

DNA Structure Double stranded Looks like twisted staircase (double helix) Function Carries genetic material Carries instructions for cellular activity Found In - All cells

CHROMOSOMES Spools of DNA.

RNA Structure Single stranded Function Gets messages from DNA Helps in protein synthesis Found In - All cells

Nucleolus Structure - located inside of Nucleus Function - makes ribosomes Found In - All eukaryotic cells

Ribosomes Structure - made of RNA and protein - can be attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm Function - makes proteins Found In - all cells: eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure - folded sacs - 2 kinds: 1. Smooth ER - no ribosomes 2. Rough ER - ribosomes attached to it Function - moves materials within cells Found In - All eukaryotic cells

Golgi Apparatus Structure - flattened stacks (farther from nucleus) Function - modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles to transport out of cell (exocytosis) Found In - All eukaryotic cells

Vacuole Structure - Membrane-bound vesicle Function - store food, water, enzymes, and waste Found In - Plant = have 1 vacuole, it is very LARGE - Animal = have very few vacuoles, they are small

Lysosomes Found In Structure - contains digestive enzymes Function - digests excess organelles, food, bacteria, viruses Found In - Only animal cells

Centrioles Found in - Animal cells and most protist cells Structure - near Nucleus - made of microtubules Function - help cells make new cells (mitosis) Found in - Animal cells and most protist cells

Mitochondria Structure - sac with inner membrane folds (cristae) Function - convert food (mostly sugars) into energy (cellular respiration) Found In - All eukaryotic cells

MITOCHONDRIAN

Chloroplasts Structure - contain chlorophyll (makes it green) Function - captures light and converts into energy (glucose) using photosynthesis Found In - Only plant cells

PLANT CELL

ANIMAL CELLS These cells are stained with methylene blue - which is why they look purple. PLANT CELLS You can see lots of chloroplasts…. Ready to help with some photsynthesis!

Cell Wall Structure - thick, rigid fibers outside of plasma membrane made of cellulose (plants), chitin (fungi), or peptidoglycan (bacteria) Function -protects and provides extra support to cell Found In - Plant cells, fungi cells, and some prokaryotes

Cilia Structure - many short hairs on the surface of the cell Function - helps the cell move -like a rowboat - helps the cell feed (eat) Found In Some animal cells, some protist cells, and some prokaryotes

Flagella Structure - long, tail or whip-like, - 1 or 2 tails Function helps the cell move helps the cell feed (eat) Found In - Some animal cells, some prokaryotes, & some plant cells

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Ribosomes Nucleus Mitochondria Cilia Flagella Lysosome Cell Membrane -Vacuole -Centrioles -Cytoskeleton -Nucleolus -Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plant Cell Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Ribosomes Nucleus Mitochondria Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum

VIRUSES I am NOT MADE OF CELLS!!