Human glycemic response curves after intake of carbohydrate foods are accurately predicted by combining in vitro gastrointestinal digestion with in silico kinetic modeling  Susann Bellmann, Mans Minekus, Peter Sanders, Sieto Bosgra, Robert Havenaar  Clinical Nutrition Experimental  Volume 17, Pages 8-22 (February 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.003 Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2018 17, 8-22DOI: (10. 1016/j. yclnex Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Overview of the TIMcarbo technology mimicking all relevant dynamic oro-gastrointestinal conditions for food digestion followed by rapid analysis of glycemic monosaccharides and in silico prediction of the human glycemic response curves. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2018 17, 8-22DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.003) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Glycemic response curves as predicted with TIMcarbo (solid lines) and as found in published human studies (dotted lines with markers; mean ± SD) for glucose solution, white bread, drink formula, and pumpernickel rye bread. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2018 17, 8-22DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.003) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Results of the glycemic response curves as predicted with TIMcarbo (solid lines) and as found in human studies (dotted lines with markers; mean ± SD) for the 18 different test products. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2018 17, 8-22DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.003) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Results of the glycemic response curves as predicted with TIMcarbo (solid lines) and as found in human studies (dotted lines with markers; mean ± SD) for the 18 different test products. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2018 17, 8-22DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.003) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Correlation (r = 0.94; n = 22) between the glucose Cmax predicted with TIMcarbo and measured in humans for all test products. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2018 17, 8-22DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.003) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Correlation (r = 0.89; n = 22) between the iAUC0–120 for glucose predicted with TIMcarbo and measured in humans for all test products. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2018 17, 8-22DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.10.003) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions