Dawes Act Adopted by Congress in 1887, the Dawes Act authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship. 

Dawes Act The Act was named for its creator, Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts. The objectives of the Dawes Act were to lift the Native Americans out of poverty, to assimilate them into mainstream American society, and to transfer lands under Indian control to white settlers.

Immigration “Push” Factors Religious Persecution Overpopulation Turmoil “Pull” Factors Available land Jobs Freedom

Diverse Cities Ethnic Clusters – groups of immigrants of the same ethnicity living together in the same area Examples: “Little Italy” “Chinatown”

Increasing Friction As immigrants came to the United States, competition for jobs increased between Americans and immigrants Many Americans did not trust immigrants who came to the U.S. because they brought different cultures, languages, and religions This distrust led to a rise in nativism Nativism - the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Jane Addams

Jane Addams Known as the "mother" of Social Work, was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, and leader in women's suffrage She co-founded an early settlement house in the United States, Chicago's Hull House that would later become known as one of the most famous settlement houses in America.  Settlement House - an institution providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.

Jacob Riis

Jacob Riis Was a social reformer, "muckraking" journalist and social documentary photographer He used photography to show America how people in poverty lived

Refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas Urbanization Refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas

Why was there increased urbanization? Technological Advances Job Opportunities Educational Opportunities

“Captain of Industry” In the late 19th century a captain of industry was a business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way.

“Robber Baron” A person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices