May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 1 Eurostat project Analysis of GHG emissions in air transport

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 2 How it started…. Experiences made by CSO Ireland with mapping administrative data and statistical data Data available at the EEA website EMEP/CORINAIR Using Eurostat Statistical data without putting extra burden to Member States

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 3 Project objectives Recommendations for developing methods enabling integrating available Eurostat data with data on GHG emissions for air transport available in other organisations. Proposals for information dissemination how results could be made available to a larger audience using the Eurostat website. Description of data sources Indication of the coverage and quality of data available in different data sources.

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 4 Project activities Activity 1: Revision of the State- of-Art in relation to Air Transport Emissions modelling Revision of the most recent developments in the literature related to GHG emissions in air transport Activity 2: Preliminary Inventory of Data Sources Inventory of relevant data sources from EU institutions in order to create a clearer picture of the available information

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 5 Project activities Activity 3: Assessment of possibilities for data linkage and production of indicators Proposals for the use of available transport data in Eurostat in linkage with other sources, so that indicators on GHG emissions by air transport can be produced systematically. Activity 4: Reporting and Dissemination of results Preparation of a detailed analysis report and a power point presentation summarising the results of the study and including recommendations, to be presented during international meetings

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 6 Methodology EMEP/EEA model: Based on the detailed methodology of the LTO and cruise model EMEP/EEA Based on modelled fuel burn ratio over distances flown by typical aircraft types Default method for preparing emission inventories of air traffic in the EU and countries under the EMEP/CLRTAP protocol

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 7 Methodology SET model: Based on the integrated Small Emitters Tool (Eurocontrol) Based on empirical statistical averaged fuel burn ratios over distances flown by many different aircraft types Accepted alternative for reporting by Small Emitters in the EU ETS legislation.

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 8 Input data 1.Air traffic: origin and destination aircraft type number of flights volume of passengers and freight carried 2.Distances covered 3.Fuel consumed by respective aircraft 4.Emission factors

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 9 Input data – air traffic YEARYear PERIODMonth of the year AD1 for arrival, 2 for departure RAIRPORTReporting airport PARAIRPORTPartner airport PASSFREIGH1 for a passenger, 2 for a cargo flight SCHENDS1 for a scheduled, 2 for an unscheduled flight AIRCRFTTYType of aircraft AIRLINECAirline PAXNumber of passengers on board FREIGHTVolume of freight and mail on board (t) FLIGHTNumber of flights per reporting time period SEATAVNumber of seats available on board

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 10 Input data – air traffic constraints Double Counting Avoidance of double-counting is possible when (1) using unique flight identification numbers or (2) only departure declarations for the national and intra-EU flights are used Aircraft Types Some aircrafts have to be substituted by other generic aircraft types (e.g. Airbus 300 substituted by the generic A310).

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 11 Input data – air traffic constraints Airport codes The pair airport code not always disclosed Airline information Airline information is not always transmitted (confidentiality issue) Traffic data for emission calculations Data on passengers, seats available and freight used to allocate the emissions to passengers and cargo

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 12 Input data: Airport to airport distances The great-circle distance (WebILSE database) allows to obtain the shortest distance for each airport pair Problem: the real distances covered often differ from the shortest distance between the airports Solution: correction factor

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 13 Input data: Aircraft databases ICAO Type Designator ManufacturerModelDescripti on Engine type Engine count WTC A310AIRBUSCC-150 Polaris LandplaneJet2H A320AIRBUSA-320LandplaneJet2M A332AIRBUSA LandplaneJet2H A333AIRBUSA LandplaneJet2H A342AIRBUSA LandplaneJet4H

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 14 Input data: Aircraft databases Problem: No information that is linked to the emission data Limited number of aircraft types (in EMEP/EEA and SET) with respect to real world and in ProdA1 database

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 15 Input data: Emission factors What they are? Fixed ratios between activity levels and amount of polluants produced by the activity level Two types: Fuel-dependant emission factors Technology-dependant emission factors

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May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 18 Future….. An example: integrating data on emission types, in already used maps such as….

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 19 Recommendations Which model? SET model is an option, because: 97% of aircraft types presented in Eurostat air traffic data is covered by this model

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 20 Recommendations Which aircraft database? ICAO aircraft codes database, because: Eurostat and SET use ICAO codes Small issue: 3% of aircraft types from Eurostat database are not included Recommendation: use surrogate aircraft

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 21 Recommendations How to calculate the distance of an airport pair? Use a dynamical distance calculation: Table of airport pairs (to be created) Great circle distance formula Correction factor

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 22 What questions can be answered now? How much CO2 is emitted by aircraft in Europe in year xxxx? How much CO2 is emitted by aircraft in a specific country? How much CO2 is emitted between 1 specific airport pair? How much CO2 is emitted by an aircraft from a specific type? How much CO2 is emitted due to passenger transport? How much CO2 is emitted due to freight transport? What is the overall trend in specific CO2-emission per passenger.km? What is the overall trend in specific CO2-emission per freight tonne.km? SUMMARY: Effects of air traffic evolution and technological evolution on emissions can be monitored

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 23 and what can not be answered… What is the difference in CO2-emissions between individual airline operators flying with the same aircraft type? What is the effect of improved flight procedures (like CDA) on CO2- emissions of aircraft? What is the effect of rerouting of aircraft on CO2-emissions as a consequence certain reasons like volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events like thunderstorms? What is the effect of improved routing of aircraft by improved centralised flight planning? SUMMARY: Effects of changes on actual flight profiles on emissions cannot be monitored

May 2011 TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel 24 What could be the next step….. Use the Eurostat data collection to produce for longer time series air traffic GHG-emissions. Objectives: - find solutions and work-around for practical problems - test the produced dataset against Eurostat criteria for publication - integration in the Eurostat statistical production process