Passive Transport

Passive Transport Passive transport: Cell spends no energy (ATP) to move molecules Does this kayaker need to spend his energy in order to move?

Passive Transport Passive transport: Cell spends no energy (ATP) to move molecules Molecules move from a high to low concentration Down their concentration gradient Examples: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

High Concentration Low Concentration Diffusion High Concentration Low Concentration Diffusion: Movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration Movement continues until equilibrium is reached Equilibrium: even balance of molecules This is how many molecules move into and out of cells

Diffusion O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 Will oxygen mostly enter or exit this cell? O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 Diffusion: Movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration Movement continues until equilibrium is reached Equilibrium: even balance of molecules This is how many molecules move into and out of cells

Diffusion Video Clip

O2 The woman inhales a breath of oxygen O2 O2 O2

O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 The oxygen spreads into the woman's lungs

O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 The oxygen fills the air sacs (alveoli) located in her lungs

Due to diffusion, the oxygen will spread from her lungs… into her blood Where is the HIGH oxygen concentration? O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 Where is the LOW oxygen concentration?

The heart pumps this oxygen-rich blood around her body

O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 Cell X needs oxygen just like all cells. But cell X is not in direct contact with the blood and oxygen. So how does cell X get oxygen?

Where is the HIGH oxygen concentration? Diffusion: movement of molecules from a high to low concentration Where is the HIGH oxygen concentration? Where is the LOW oxygen concentration? O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 Cell X (and all other cells) gets oxygen through the process of diffusion!

The reverse process is true w/ carbon dioxide The reverse process is true w/ carbon dioxide. Over time, CO2 waste builds up in cells. Too much is fatal. It must be removed. CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

Where is the HIGH carbon dioxide concentration? Where is the LOW carbon dioxide concentration? CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 diffuses from the cells (high concentration) and into the blood stream (low concentration)

The heart pumps the CO2 rich blood back to the lungs.

CO2 Where is the HIGH carbon dioxide concentration? CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 diffuses into the air sacs (alveoli) CO2 CO2 CO2

The woman begins to exhale CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2

The diaphragm muscle pushes the CO2 out of the lungs

CO2 is expelled… the process repeats with every breath!

Osmosis Defined: Diffusion of water from a high to low concentration Distilled water 100% pure H2O (no solutes) Hypotonic environment h o h o h o h o h o h o High h o h o h o h o h o h o Cell h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o h o

Osmosis Defined: Diffusion of water from a high to low concentration Distilled water 100% pure H2O (no solutes) Hypotonic environment Salt water High solutes (namely salt) Hypertonic environment h o h o h o h o s h o h o Cell s s h o s s h o h o s s High h o h o h o h o h o s h o h o h o h o h o s h o s h o s s h o h o h o h o h o s s s s

Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic Environment with an equal balance of solutes Hypertonic Environment with more solutes outside a cell Hypotonic Environment with more solutes inside a cell Equilibrium Low Water High Water Dots represent dissolved solutes (not water molecules) Arrows represent direction water is moving

Quick Lab Activity One potato slice has been placed inside distilled water. One potato slice has been placed inside salt water. Salt water Potato slice Distilled water Potato slice Results: The potato slice lost weight Results: The potato slice gained weight

Salt water Distilled water 1 minute: Discuss with your neighbor Potato slice Potato slice Results: The potato slice lost weight Results: The potato slice gained weight Where is the high water concentration in the salt water experiment? Low water concentration? 3) Where is the high water concentration in the distilled water experiment? 4) Low water concentration?

Results: The potato slice lost weight Salt water Distilled water Low water High water water Results: The potato slice lost weight Results: The potato slice gained weight Where is the high water concentration in the salt water experiment? Low water concentration? 3) Where is the high water concentration in the distilled water experiment? 4) Low water concentration?

Results: The potato slice lost weight Salt water Distilled water High Low water High Low water water Results: The potato slice lost weight Results: The potato slice gained weight Where is the high water concentration in the salt water experiment? Low water concentration? 3) Where is the high water concentration in the distilled water experiment? 4) Low water concentration?

5) Why did the salt water potato lose weight? Distilled water 30 seconds: Discuss with your neighbor High Low High Low Results: The potato slice lost weight Results: The potato slice gained weight 5) Why did the salt water potato lose weight? 6) Why did the distilled water potato gain weight? Water diffused out of the potato. Water diffused into the potato.

Facilitated Diffusion Protein channel Facilitate means “to help”

Facilitated Diffusion glucose glucose Facilitated Diffusion glucose glucose Protein channel glucose glucose Facilitate means “to help” Defined: Larger molecules enter/exit with the help of protein channels in the plasma membrane No energy (ATP) used

Passive Transport

Facilitated Diffusion Video Clip

Review 1) In which direction does diffusion occur? 2) Across which part of the cell does diffusion mostly occur? 3) Which molecule of energy is not required during passive transport? 4) True or False: More solutes creates less concentrated water. 5) Which molecule is involved in osmosis? 6) Examine the picture. If the dots are solutes, where is the high solute concentration? 7) Examine the picture. If the dots are solutes, where is the high water concentration? 8) Examine the picture. If the dots are water molecules, where is the low water concentration? 9) Examine the picture. If the dots are water molecules, which way will osmosis occur? 10) Examine the picture. If the dots are solute molecules, which way will osmosis occur?

Review 11) Place the steps of oxygen flow in the correct order from start to finish. A – Oxygen diffuses into your cells B – Your heart pumps oxygen-rich blood around your body C – Oxygen moves into your lungs D – Oxygen gas is inhaled E – Oxygen diffuses from your lungs into your blood 12) Place the steps of CO2 flow in the correct order from start to finish. A – Your heart pumps CO2-rich blood towards your lungs B – CO2 waste is created by every cell C – CO2 is pushed out of your lungs and out of your mouth D – CO2 diffuses from your blood into your lungs E – CO2 diffuses from your cells into your blood