Xuexi Tie NCAR/ACD

Motivations: Motivations: Large cities are rapidly growing (cluster) Large cities are rapidly growing (cluster) Rapid development of economics has important Rapid development of economics has important effect on air pollutants and climate effect on air pollutants and climate (regional global) (regional global) Establish a chemical weather (ozone, visibility Establish a chemical weather (ozone, visibility etc) forecast system in the Shanghai Region etc) forecast system in the Shanghai Region (YRD) (YRD)

PP SH Population (Millions) GDP 100B 1 Mage city; 8 cities (above 5M); 3 cities (close to 5M) 16 Large cities (> 1M) in the YRD region SH NJ SZ WX HZ NP CZ ZJ NT SX YZ TZ HZ JX ZS TZ

SZ JX SX NB WX CZ ZS YZ NT NJ WH HZ ZJ SH

28-40K 6-8K 3-6K 8-16K 16-28K GDP/Person

The impacts on environment The impacts on environment High Pollutants around Large Cities High Pollutants around Large Cities The impacts on environment The impacts on environment High Pollutants around Large Cities High Pollutants around Large Cities Shanghai

Aerosols (AOD) trend from in Shanghai The worst is not over (yet) ! The worst is not over (yet) !

Typical visibility In Shanghai Typical visibility In Boulder

Scientific objectives (1) Establish an effective measurement network to study ozone and ozone precursors, and use the measured result to evaluate WRF-Chem calculations. (2) Study whether the ozone formation is NOx inhibited or VOC limited in the city. How strong is the VOC-limitation to ozone formation in different locations in the Shanghai region? (3) Understand the impacts of different anthropogenic activities (e.g., traffic, chemical industry) on ozone formation in this region.

(4) Study the impact of high aerosol loading on photochemistry. How strong is the photon-limitation to ozone formation in different locations in the Shanghai region? (5) Understand the effect of biogenic emission on ozone concentrations in Shanghai and the surrounding region. How do biogenic emissions interact with anthropogenic emissions to form ozone ? (6) Assess the interactions between the city and surrounding area for ozone formation. (7) Establish a chemical weather forecast system (CWFS) to forecast O 3 and visibility and to assess the impact of the rapid economical development on the future air quality in YRD

Current measurement sites Remote Rural Edge of Urban Urban Chemical Indu Urban center

Date Ozone trend from 2006/7 to 2007/7

Date C 3 H 6 (VOC) trend from 2006/7 to 2007/7 It is doubled !

Surface data analysis

WRF-Chem model in Shanghai Currently is adopted in Pudong and used as Daily forecast for ozone (ozone evaluation (Aug/02-Aug/10/2007)

Super sites during Sept/2009 campaign Remote Rural Edge of Urban Urban Chemical Indu Urban center

PD

JS

DT

____________________________________________________________________ PD - O3, NO, NO2, met, BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO, JNO2, SO2, NH3, Lidar VOCs(SH), HNO3(TAM) HONO(TAM), O3, NO, NO2, VOCs(SH), HNO3(TAM) HONO(TAM), O3, NO, NO2, NOy, AERO_COMP(XA), AERO_BIN(PKU) NOy, AERO_COMP(XA), AERO_BIN(PKU) JS - O3, NO, NO2, Met, VOCs, AERO_COMP(XA), AERO_BIN(FD), CO?? DT - O3, NO, NO2, CO, met, BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NH3, JNO2, VOCs, VOC(TAM), AERO_COMP(XA) JNO2, VOCs, VOC(TAM), AERO_COMP(XA) XJH - O3, NO, NO2, Met BS - O3, NO, NO2, Met, ozonesonde (10 times) CM - O3, NO, NO2, met SS - O3, NO, NO2, met ______________________________________________________________________ SMB, SMB, NCAR/ACD, NCAR/ACD, Texas A&M (TAM), Peking U(PKU), Xi-An Insti(XA), Fudan U(FD) Texas A&M (TAM), Peking U(PKU), Xi-An Insti(XA), Fudan U(FD) Instruments for 2009

Table, Results of the measurements PD - GAS O3, NO, NO2, NOx, NOy, CO, HNO3, HONO, VOCs, SO2, NH3 O3, NO, NO2, NOx, NOy, CO, HNO3, HONO, VOCs, SO2, NH3 AERO AERO BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Bins(10nm-10um), Aerosol composition, Lidar BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Bins(10nm-10um), Aerosol composition, Lidar J[NO2] J[NO2] MET JS - GAS O3, NO, NO2, NOx, VOCs, CO?? O3, NO, NO2, NOx, VOCs, CO?? AERO AERO Bins(10nm-10um), Aerosol composition Bins(10nm-10um), Aerosol composition MET MET DT - GAS O3, NO, NO2, NOx, CO, VOCs O3, NO, NO2, NOx, CO, VOCs AERO AERO BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Aerosol composition BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Aerosol composition J[NO2] J[NO2] MET MET (O3-NOx-VOCs-Aerosols-Met system in the 3 super-sites)

Enhanced Ozone Sounding (10 times during campaign)

Lidar (aerosol profile) and the PBL

16 KM coarse resolution Streets et al (2002) 1KM fine resolution based on surface data

Discussions of MIRAGE-Shanghai on Jan/19/2009

____________________________________________________________________ PD - O3, NO, NO2, met, BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO, JNO2, SO2, NH3, Lidar VOCs(SH), HNO3(TAM) HONO(TAM), O3, NO, NO2, VOCs(SH), HNO3(TAM) HONO(TAM), O3, NO, NO2, NOy, AERO_COMP(XA), AERO_BIN(PKU) NOy, AERO_COMP(XA), AERO_BIN(PKU) JS - O3, NO, NO2, Met, VOCs, AERO_COMP(XA), AERO_BIN(FD), CO?? DT - O3, NO, NO2, CO, met, BC, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NH3, JNO2, VOCs, VOC(TAM), AERO_COMP(XA) JNO2, VOCs, VOC(TAM), AERO_COMP(XA) XJH - O3, NO, NO2, Met BS - O3, NO, NO2, Met, ozonesonde (10 times) CM - O3, NO, NO2, met SS - O3, NO, NO2, met ______________________________________________________________________ SMB, SMB, NCAR/ACD, NCAR/ACD, Texas A&M (TAM), Peking U(PKU), Xi-An Insti(XA), Fudan U(FD) Texas A&M (TAM), Peking U(PKU), Xi-An Insti(XA), Fudan U(FD) Enhanced Soundings (PBL), Wind profilers (?) Enhanced Soundings (PBL), Wind profilers (?) Instruments for 2009

The experiment duration The experiment will take place from Sept/1/2009 to Sept/21/2009. The second Phase of the experiment The experiment will take place fin spring (NW winds), May/2012???

Participants from NCAR Guy Brasseur (ESSL Director), a few day trip in SMB to oversee the experiment Bill Randel (ACD director), oversee the experiment Sasha Madronich, oversee the experiment Xuexi Tie, Coordinator between NCAR and SMB, and WRF-Chem modeling Alex Guenther, Jim Greenberg and Andrew Turnipseed: VOC fluxes at DT and XJH Sites and VOC measurements at XJH, CM, BS and SS sites Eric Apel+1 VOC measurement at JS site Frank Flocke + 1 NO, NO2, NOx, NOy, O3 measurements and inter-comparison at XJH Bob Henson – UCAR P-R (1 week) Total = 12 (3 for short period, and 9 for 4 weeks)

Participants from SMB?

NCAR cost Airline tickets; 10 x $1500 = $15K Shipment cost; 3 x $9000 = $ 27,000 Materials and Supplies (e.g., GC gases, standards, cartridges): $8K Mis cost 5K Estimated total cost by NCAR ~$55K x 1.5 (over-head) = 82.5K

SMB matching cost; Hotel cost: 30 day x $80 x 13 people = $31,200 Per diem cost (food + transportation) 30 day x $40 x 13 = $ 15,600 Some other cost; $15,000 Data management cost; $7,000 Enhancement Ozonesonde cost; $10,000 Estimated total matching cost by SMB; $78K - $80K Additional instrument purchase (J[NO2]) etc, $30K

Pre-campaign activities More WRF-tracer study, improve in emissions Intensive VOC measurements by SMB 1-week each in XJH, JS, and DT (diurnal cycle during daytime in May/2009?? Data analysis by ACD and SMB for period

Pre-campaign Preparations Coordinate with other Institutes and Universities? (Xi-An; Texas AM; Peking University; Fudan University; CMA) Shipments of NCAR instruments? When and How? Preparations in the field sites (Hotels and transportations) Data managements, Web-site establishment