Photosynthesis Key Idea: Autotrophs do not consume their food. Instead, they must make their own high-energy food molecules. Photosynthesis is the method plants use to make food.

6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll & Enzymes Reactants: Products:

6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll & Enzymes Reactants: 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy Products:

6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll & Enzymes Reactants: 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy Products: C6H12O6 + 6O2

Where does photosynthesis occur? Only occurs in the “green” parts of plants Thylakoid Granum Stroma

Two Stages of Photosynthesis

Two Stages of Photosynthesis Light Reactions Functions

Two Stages of Photosynthesis Light Reactions Functions Produce oxygen gas

Two Stages of Photosynthesis Light Reactions Functions Produce oxygen gas Convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH

Two Stages of Photosynthesis Light Reactions Functions Produce oxygen gas Convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH Calvin Cycle

Two Stages of Photosynthesis Light Reactions Functions Produce oxygen gas Convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH Calvin Cycle Converts ATP and NADPH into high-energy sugars

Light Reactions: Energy Building

Light Reactions: Energy Building Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast?

Light Reactions: Energy Building Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast? Within the thylakoid membranes

Light Reactions: Energy Building Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast? Within the thylakoid membranes Part 1: Absorbing Light Substances absorb and reflect light. Absorbed light is energy the substance can use. Reflected light can’t be used. Instead, it gives the substance its color.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast? Within the thylakoid membranes Part 1: Absorbing Light Substances absorb and reflect light. Absorbed light is energy the substance can use. Reflected light can’t be used. Instead, it gives the substance its color. Example: A red ball reflects light but absorbs light.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast? Within the thylakoid membranes Part 1: Absorbing Light Substances absorb and reflect light. Absorbed light is energy the substance can use. Reflected light can’t be used. Instead, it gives the substance its color. Example: A red ball reflects red light but absorbs light.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Where do the light reactions occur in the chloroplast? Within the thylakoid membranes Part 1: Absorbing Light Substances absorb and reflect light. Absorbed light is energy the substance can use. Reflected light can’t be used. Instead, it gives the substance its color. Example: A red ball reflects red light but absorbs all other light.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments:

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include:

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: Absorb Reflect

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: the most abundant pigment found in green plants Absorb Reflect

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: the most abundant pigment found in green plants Absorb red, blue Reflect

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: the most abundant pigment found in green plants Absorb red, blue Reflect green, yellow

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: the most abundant pigment found in green plants Absorb red, blue Reflect green, yellow Carotenoids: Absorb Reflect

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: the most abundant pigment found in green plants Absorb red, blue Reflect green, yellow Carotenoids: secondary pigment in plants Absorb Reflect

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: the most abundant pigment found in green plants Absorb red, blue Reflect green, yellow Carotenoids: secondary pigment in plants Absorb green, blue Reflect

Light Reactions: Energy Building Pigments: light absorbing molecules Examples include: Chlorophyll: the most abundant pigment found in green plants Absorb red, blue Reflect green, yellow Carotenoids: secondary pigment in plants Absorb green, blue Reflect Yellow, orange, red

Light Reactions: Energy Building Most leaves are green because their main pigment, chlorophyll, reflects green light.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the and become .

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become .

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP .

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP . NADPH is another molecule that traps light. It acts like ATP and can quickly give up energy to chemical reactions.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP . NADPH is another energy storing molecule that traps light. It acts like ATP and can quickly give up energy to chemical reactions.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP . NADPH is another energy storing molecule that traps light. It acts like ATP and can quickly give up energy to chemical reactions. The energy in ATP and NADPH is called . This is the energy that cell can use to power work, such as making sugar.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP . NADPH is another energy storing molecule that traps light. It acts like ATP and can quickly give up energy to chemical reactions. The energy in ATP and NADPH is called chemical energy . This is the energy that cell can use to power work, such as making sugar.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP . NADPH is another energy storing molecule that traps light. It acts like ATP and can quickly give up energy to chemical reactions. The energy in ATP and NADPH is called chemical energy. This is the energy that cell can use to power work, such as making sugar. To trap light energy in ATP and NADPH, is used and is produced as a waste product.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP . NADPH is another energy storing molecule that traps light. It acts like ATP and can quickly give up energy to chemical reactions. The energy in ATP and NADPH is called chemical energy. This is the energy that cell can use to power work, such as making sugar. To trap light energy in ATP and NADPH, water is used and is produced as a waste product.

Light Reactions: Energy Building Part II: Making ATP ADP and a phosphate group gain the energy and become ATP . NADPH is another energy storing molecule that traps light. It acts like ATP and can quickly give up energy to chemical reactions. The energy in ATP and NADPH is called chemical energy. This is the energy that cell can use to power work, such as making sugar. To trap light energy in ATP and NADPH, water is used and oxygen is produced as a waste product.

Review What molecules are used in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Review What molecules are used in the light reactions of photosynthesis? H2O, ADP, NADP+

Review What molecules are used in the light reactions of photosynthesis? H2O, ADP, NADP+ 2) What molecules are made in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Review What molecules are used in the light reactions of photosynthesis? H2O, ADP, NADP+ 2) What molecules are made in the light reactions of photosynthesis? O2, ATP, NADPH

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast?

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from are joined together to make

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make sugar

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make sugar Energy from and which were made in the of photosynthesis, is used to power the making of sugar

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make sugar Energy from ATP and which were made in the of photosynthesis, is used to power the making of sugar

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make sugar Energy from ATP and NADPH which were made in the of photosynthesis, is used to power the making of sugar

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make sugar Energy from ATP and NADPH which were made in the light reactions of photosynthesis, is used to power the making of sugar

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make sugar Energy from ATP and NADPH which were made in the light reactions of photosynthesis, is used to power the making of sugar Enzymes are also used to the reactions of the Calvin Cycle.

Calvin Cycle: Food Building Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? In the stroma Carbon atoms from CO2 are joined together to make sugar Energy from ATP and NADPH which were made in the light reactions of photosynthesis, is used to power the making of sugar Enzymes are also used to speed up the reactions of the Calvin Cycle.

The Calvin Cycle is also called the light-independent or dark reactions. Why are these names appropriate?

The Calvin Cycle is also called the light-independent or dark reactions. Why are these names appropriate? They do not require sunlight, or solar energy, to occur. They use the energy stored in the ATP and NADPH molecules.

Review

Review What molecules are used in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis?

Review What molecules are used in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? CO2, H2O, ATP, NADPH

Review What molecules are used in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? CO2, H2O, ATP, NADPH 2) What molecules are made in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis?

Review What molecules are used in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? CO2, H2O, ATP, NADPH 2) What molecules are made in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? C6H12O6, ADP, NADP+

Review What molecules are used in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? CO2, H2O, ATP, NADPH 2) What molecules are made in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? C6H12O6, ADP, NADP+ 3) Why do plants bother making food through the process of photosynthesis if they are just going to break it down later to make ATP in cellular respiration?

Review What molecules are used in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? CO2, H2O, ATP, NADPH 2) What molecules are made in the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis? C6H12O6, ADP, NADP+ 3) Why do plants bother making food through the process of photosynthesis if they are just going to break it down later to make ATP in cellular respiration? ATP breaks down too quickly for long term storage

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Sunlight

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Sunlight Increasing the amount of sunlight the rate of photosynthesis because

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Sunlight Increasing the amount of sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis because

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Sunlight Increasing the amount of sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis because there is more light energy available to power the light reactions.

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Sunlight Increasing the amount of sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis because there is more light energy available to power the light reactions. A lack of sunlight breaks down . This happens during the fall when the days get shorter. Leaves change color when the green chlorophyll breaks down and the colors of the other pigments are revealed. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall because

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Sunlight Increasing the amount of sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis because there is more light energy available to power the light reactions. A lack of sunlight breaks down chlorophyll . This happens during the fall when the days get shorter. Leaves change color when the green chlorophyll breaks down and the colors of the other pigments are revealed. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall because

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Sunlight Increasing the amount of sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis because there is more light energy available to power the light reactions. A lack of sunlight breaks down chlorophyll . This happens during the fall when the days get shorter. Leaves change color when the green chlorophyll breaks down and the colors of the other pigments are revealed. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall because there is not enough sunlight during the winter

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Rain

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Rain In a drought, the rate of photosynthesis because .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Rain In a drought, the rate of photosynthesis decreases because .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Rain In a drought, the rate of photosynthesis decreases because there is not enough water to help start the light reactions of photosynthesis .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Amount of Rain In a drought, the rate of photosynthesis decreases because there is not enough water to help start the light reactions of photosynthesis . C6H12O6 + 6o2 6CO2 + 6H2O

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Temperature

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Temperature Extreme cold temperatures the rate of photosynthesis because .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Temperature Extreme cold temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis because .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Temperature Extreme cold temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis because the enzymes that help speed up photosynthesis stop working and molecules move slower .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Temperature Extreme cold temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis because the enzymes that help speed up photosynthesis stop working and molecules move slower . Extreme hot temperatures the rate of photosynthesis because .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Temperature Extreme cold temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis because the enzymes that help speed up photosynthesis stop working and molecules move slower . Extreme hot temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis because .

How do the following environmental factors influence photosynthesis? Temperature Extreme cold temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis because the enzymes that help speed up photosynthesis stop working and molecules move slower . Extreme hot temperatures decrease the rate of photosynthesis because the enzymes denature, and so they stop working .