Defining categories of behavior Animal Behaviors Defining categories of behavior

Animal Behavior Vocabulary Ethology Study of animal behavior Anthropomorphism Need to be careful about ascribing or attributing human emotions to animals Behavior Action performed in response to stimulus Stimulus Something that elicits a response

Stimuli Heat Light Sight Chemicals Sound Humidity Touch Vibration Color Gravity Pressure presence of another animal etc Sight Sound Touch Smell Taste

External Stimuli Internal stimuli Something outside of the animal Sound Sight Smell Presence of another animal Internal stimuli Something inside the animal Hunger Fatigue Feeling cold hormones

13 types of behavior 1. Foraging Feeding Locate, obtain, consume food

2. Parental Care ensuring survival of young carrying, nursing, cuddling, holding young

3. Courtship attracting a mate Courtship displays, bright feathers, songs, vocalizing, head butting, fighting

4. Reproductive Mating, giving birth

5. Offensive/ Defensive Aggresion, submissive behavior, defense from aggressors Hiding, fighting, escape, threatening

6. Territorial Protect a resource for exclusive use Scenting, marking, birdsong, protection of mate / offspring, space, food, water source

7. Social Work to create alliances, help the group Grooming, babysitting, play, play fight

8. Migratory Movement to a more suitable environment as seasons change Dry vs. rainy, winter vs. summer range, upriver to spawn, to cooler/ warmer climate

9. Communication Signaling between one animal and another greeting-sniff, bite, hug aggression – charge, bite, hit non-aggressive – patting, stroking vocalizations – bark, growl, snort, howl, chirps non-verbal – body posture, head, ears, tail, teeth, looking away, looking directly, raising hackles or hood, tail slap, etc

10. Curiosity-investigating new stimulus in environment approach, sniff, chew, bite

11. Elimination Defecation, urinating

12. Resting Apparent inactivity lying down, sitting, sleeping, loafing, basking

13. Playing Purpose: training for life defense, hunting