Connecting West Africa Ports to their hinterland IAPH Abuja, Nigeria September 17th-19th, 2018

West Africa Hinterland Corridors Three landlocked countries in West Africa: Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger Five main gateway ports: Dakar, Abidjan, Tema, Lomé and Cotonou Overall, for the five ports, transit traffic represents only 12% of the throughput

Typical challenges for West Africa corridors High costs Long delays

How the World Bank is addressing the challenges on the corridors? First generation corridor programs in the Bank focused mostly on Infrastructure and Institutions A series of Trade and Transport Facilitation Programs (TTFP) were designed: East Africa (Mombasa corridor),Southern Africa (Dar es Salaam Corridors), CEMAC (Douala Corridor), Abidjan Lagos, West Africa (Tema – Ouagadougou – Bamako) Second generation now include a strong emphasis on logistics services: Abidjan Ouagadougou (PAMOSET), Togo Logistics, Dakar Bamako, Lome-Ouagadougou-Niamey (both under preparation)

The Modes-Nodes-Codes Matrix Professionalizing and formalizing the trucking & logistics industries Modernizing the organization of the trucking & logistics markets Enhancing the competitiveness of maritime and inland gateways Improving customs clearance Facilitating transit Legal and regulatory framework Transport services contracting (e.g. truck queuing) Regulation of the terminal concessions (port and dry ports) Single Windows and TIPs Interconnection of Customs Structuring industry representation and organizing the public-private dialogue Bilateral transport agreements (e.g. freight quotas) Improving platform operations (e.g. port-hinterland connectivity) Promoting compliance: risk management and AEOs for traders Transit regimes (Guarantee, inter-operability of GPS tracking) Promoting compliance (e.g. axle load); fleet renewal Reducing asymmetry of information Promoting containerization to the hinterland Promoting compliance: ethics and governance for public officials Second generation One-Stop Border Posts

Modes: Pathway to efficient trucking industry

Nodes: Port-City interface Many West Africa ports are also major metropolitan areas: In Dakar and Conakry, the port is at the end of a peninsula, with the city standing between the port and its hinterland Abidjan, Lagos, and others are fully surrounded by the city Two aggravating factors: Growth of private vehicle ownership Inefficient logistics with long idle time for trucks within the city limits Solutions are a mix of hard and soft interventions: Physical parking areas outside of metropolitan area and short term holding parks near port Traffic management and appointment scheme for terminals Logistics zones and modal shift when possible Scheduling (off peak or night transfer) Programs and studies underway in Lagos, Abidjan, and soon Dakar

Codes: Reengineer the Border Procedures Provide incentives to compliant operators: Certification of ‘Trusted Traders’ Better trade information Monitoring of compliance Establish ‘Green Channels’ Risk Management Systems Ethics and Governance for control agencies Automation of border procedures Border Management Agencies IT Single Windows Port Community Systems Gateway Port Authority / Operator Border Management Agencies Shippers Logistics Services Trade Auxiliaries ‘Green Channels’ Automation of procedures Trusted Traders

Rethink transit regimes Customs Guarantees GPS tracking Border coordination Interconnection of Customs for one single transit declaration throughout Agreement between national guarantor for a single payment Inter-operability of tracking systems Refocus border interventions on procedures and not only physical facilities Regional interconnection Ultimately, adjust guarantee to risks Licensing of GPS tracking operators instead of single concession Rethink the role of inland borders within a Customs Union Current situation: disjointed regimes at national level One-Stop Border Post approach in its current form is a failure Target: seamless transit

ohartmann@worldbank.org oahmed1@worldbank.org Thank you ohartmann@worldbank.org oahmed1@worldbank.org