After the Great War 2: USA, Soviet Union, Japan

Responses to the Depression in Western Europe LEFT vs RIGHT Gov’t responses counterproductive- tariffs Low confidence in gov’t Solutions arose from radical parties on both ends, Left=Communism, Right=Fascism France Popular Front elected 1936 offering leftist solutions in parliamentary process Scandinavia responded with moderate socialist reforms, increase gov’t spending, social insurance

USA- The New Deal FDR elected president 1933 on New Deal policies Direct aid to American Families Unemployment benefits Public Works Jobs restored confidence, family stability Social Security established Regulations on banking Efforts restored confidence, real recovery came with wartime production

STALIN’S PROBLEM 5 YEAR PLANS TOTALITARIANISM USSR was behind the times in INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE 5 YEAR PLANS TOTALITARIANISM

Goal 1: Increase production of steel, coal, electricity, oil Set up command economy where the gov takes total control of all economic decisions Impossibly high quotas Limited consumer goods Shortages in housing, food, clothing, etc. It worked: in about 10 years, production increased about 25%.

Goal 2: Increase agricultural production Gov seized farms and made collective farms. Many revolted, but were forced at bayonet onto the collective farms. Some sent to Siberia. Main rebel group were kulaks. Wealthy peasants. Eliminated in work camps. 5-10 million died Agriculture improved.

Goal 3: Maintain His Power and Control The Great Purge- millions died as Stalin went after real and imagined enemies Propaganda and censorship- “brainwashing the people” by showing them only what he wanted them to see and censoring the rest Religious groups were persecuted- leaders imprisoned, churches destroyed

Totalitarian State Not unique to Hitler; Stalin creates Communist Totalitarian state Massive direct control over all activities of subjects Eliminate all opposition parties Purged opponents in bureaucracy, military Used secret police Gov’t economic planning Soviet Union: gov’t owned Germany: gov’t bodies replaced unions Massive gov’t propaganda campaign

Japan

Militarization of Japan Authoritarian military not entirely fascist but: aggressive militarism, expansion Depression lead to Japanese invasion of Chinese Mainland in 1931 nationalism, criticism of parliamentary forms 1932 Military coup ousted prime minister, took over executive control General Hideki Tojo surged into expansion

Depression in Japan: Industrialization & Recovery gov’t policies responded to Depression crisis increased spending on armaments Eliminated unemployment by 1936 Japan was fully industrial after 1931 Rapid spread of electricity Quality of production increased Japan stabilized labor force Promoted patriotism, training to endure hardship Corporations offered unique benefits

SAT Practice Test 2 P. 696 Building Vocab p. 143

REVOLUTIONS AMERICAN REVOLUTION FRENCH REVOLUTION RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON? HOW WERE THEY DIFFERENT?