Simple Invertebrates
Only need to copy what’s in BLACK SYSTEMS* Nervous (responding to environment)…brain, nerve cord, eyes… Digestive/Excretory (food/waste processing)…stomach, intestines, kidneys… Circulatory/Respiratory (gas/nutrient exchange/delivery)…gills, heart…. Skeletal/Muscular (movement)…cranium, backbone, muscles, tendons… Reproductive …ovaries/testes (gonads), sexual vs asexual methods… *organellescell LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION ANIMAL KINGDOM 1) Is based on… & 2) LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION ANIMAL KINGDOM 1) ANATOMY (organs/systems*) Is based on… & NOT zone/region/environment 2) PHYSIOLOGY (function of organs) tissue organ system organism
PORIFERA pore-bearing SPONGES!! Simplest Animal PHYLUM (Latin) Translation SYMMETRY CLASS (es) / Translation(s) Marine Invertebrates (saltwater animals without a backbone) PORIFERA pore-bearing asymmetrical (no symmetry) SPONGES!! Simplest Animal
Examples and the Defining A & P Operates like a chimney, drawing water IN through pores*, Plankton are snagged by “amebocytes”, and the water EXITS out through the “osculum” (hole at the top) NO (complex) SYSTEMS ONLY ONE LAYER OF CELLS Why is this an animal? Multicellular Heterotroph!! *2 liters/hr!! REPRO: 99% Asexual (regeneration)
ORAL VIEW CNIDARIA stinging cell (nematocyst) RADIAL ANTHOZOA PHYLUM (Latin) Translation SYMMETRY CLASS (es) / Translation(s) Why am I, the vellela, a Cnidarian? CNIDARIA stinging cell (nematocyst) RADIAL ANTHOZOA corals (hard & soft)…3700 species & anemones ABORAL SCYPHOZOA jellies (plankton called “neustron” aka “floaters”) ORAL VIEW HYDROZOA Hydra, Portuguese Man-o-War, & siphonophores
REPRODUCTIVE: 75% Asexual (budding) Sexual (larval/medusa forms change into adults/polyps) Examples and the Defining A & P CNIDARIANs were earth’s first animals to have SPECIALIZED cells (“tissue”); GASTRODERMIS (first inkling of a “Digestive System”), like a primitive “stomach”, cells that dissolve prey for-the-good-of-the-organism STINGING CELLS, part of a NERVE “NET” (a primitive nervous system, a de-centralized nerve cord), NO BRAIN but sensors TWO LAYERS of cells (epidermis & gastrodermis)…no body cavity ANEMONE
form a skeleton of calcium Types of Coral HARD (stony) “reef-builders” form a skeleton of calcium carbonate, CaCO3
Soft Corals
ANTERIOR ANNELIDA little ring BILATERAL POLYCHAETA / Marine worms PHYLUM (Latin) Translation SYMMETRY CLASS (es) / Translation(s) ANNELIDA little ring BILATERAL POLYCHAETA / Marine worms (2 terrestrial classes) POLYCHAETA / many “bristles” marine worms (2 terrestrial classes) segmented (worms) ANTERIOR
Examples and the Defining A & P Besides CLAMWORMS FIRST animals to have other Annelids (polychaetes) --CEPHALIZATION (a “head” + eyespots!) include GIANT TUBE WORMS* --(complete) Digestive System (called Riftia) and FEATHER- --(ventral) Nerve CORD + ganglia (pre-brain) DUSTER WORMS --THREE cell layers + a body CAVITY --excretory cells called NEPHRIDIA (kidney) --(pseudo)HEARTs + blood vessels 100% Sexual Reproduction (hermaphrodites) Respire through (moist) skin *discovered in deep sea “rift” zones, Riftia exist by CHEMO- rather than PHOTO-SYNTHESIS