GAMALAMA ERUPTS IN INDONESIA eruption began at 11:00 PM

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GAMALAMA ERUPTS IN INDONESIA eruption began at 11:00 PM Extensive Mudflows Triggered DECEMBER 4, 2011 Other Supercourse lectures on Disasters Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

GAMALAMA, WHICH COMPRISES THE ISLAND OF TERNATE, IS ONE OF THE MOST ACTIVE VOLCANOES OF INDONESIA’S 500 VOLCANOES

GAMALAMA HAS ERUPTED AT LEAST 70 TIMES SINCE 1538; THE LAST ONE IN 1993

1715-M-HIGH VOLCANO GAMALAMA

1715-M-HIGH VOLCANO GAMALAMA

1715-M-HIGH VOLCANO GAMALAMA

PHYSICAL PHENOMENA Simultaneous formation of large ash cloud and rain fall caused it to rain.

IMPACTS No evacuation ordered, but thousands voluntarily evacuate Ternate to neighoring Tidore because of the threat of mudflows Local airport closed.