Chapter 5 Religious Wars and State Building Going from Religious Wars to Freedom 1

Notes Hugenots Civil Wars Revolt of the Netherlands Thirty's Years War Catherine Medcidi St,Bartholomew's Day Massacre Revolt of the Netherlands Thirty's Years War Art- Baroque Questions on page 69 1,2,4 2

Chapter 6 A New Order in Science and Politics Scientific Revolution Terms Cosmology- theory of order of the universe Epistemology- theory of knowledge Heliocentric- sun centred Geocentric- earth centred Circular Motion- Key People Galileo, Newton, Bacon, Lock, Descartes 3

Scientific Revolution 4

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473- 1543) heliocentric Ø On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Galileo Galilei 1564-1642 5

Scientists Johannes Kepler (1571-1630' Ø ellipses Ø velocity Ø mathematics Tyco Brahe (1546-1601) supernova, 1572; comet, 1577 6

Sir Issac Newton Gravity 7

Sir Francis Bacon Empiricism Induction Learned through trial and error. Did a lot of medical research on the human body 8

John Locke Essay Concerning Human Understanding Tabula Rasa- Blank Slate Idea of Progress is in our Own Hands 9

Rene Descartes Discourse On Method Rationalism “I think therefore I am” Rationalism 10

Politics- Absolutism Key Terms Absolutism-a political philosophy based on the concept that the monarch in any sovereightny has absolute power and that the state should be centralized under this authority Classicism- was an expression of admiration for the achievements of the Ancient Greeks and Romans Centralized authority -the idea that the state should be governed from the centre and that local areas and individuals that have no power 11

Louis the XIV (14th) Known as the Sun King Expansion of military service Change in social system 12

Absolutism Economy Under advisory Jean Baptiste Colbert tax system was changed. Modern policy of work projects( canals and roads) Increase exports, decrease imports Social System Fuedal system was superseded by one authority. 13

War of Spanish Succession Fought under the idea that the crowns of France and Spain should be united Treaty of Utrecht 1713 stated that France and Spain would never be united Also England gained the colonies of Acadia and NFLD from France, and Gibraltar and Minorca from Spain as well as the slave trading rights of Spanish America. France was still a strong power in Europe.

Constitutionalism State in which authority is disturbed legally among a number of institutions and levels. This differs from absolutism as there are many levels of government. 15

England and the Puritans Charles I- try to rule by personal rule and avoid the parliaments, religious issues- favouring Catholics and trying to strongarm churches He was executed by decisions of the parliaments in 1649. England was without a monarch for 11 years until a new set of rules was devised and Charles II took the thrown in 1690 16

Thomas Hobbes Wrote the Leviathan Believed the sovereign should have absolute authority. Did not have a good opinion of human nature Believed all people were equal under the law 17

England and Constitutional Monarchy Parlimanet passed the Test Act in 1673 that said only those who practiced the state religion could hold civil and miliatry offices Two political parties- Tories ( king supporters) and Whigs- (parliament authority) Glorious Revolution 18

Locke Wrote the Two Treatises of Government in 1690 Natural Rights- the idea that all individuals have rights, such as the right to life, freedom of speech and freedom of religion that cannot be taken away by the state or any other sovereignty. Believed in the need for different levels of the government to prevent too much power being taken by one person. Believed the idea of property to be very important so only men in England that had property were allowed full political rights although all were equal under the law. 19