The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

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Presentation transcript:

The Chemistry of Acids and Bases To play the movies and simulations included, view the presentation in Slide Show Mode.

Acid and Bases

Acid and Bases

What is an acid? An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour". The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.

Properties of an Acid Tastes Sour Conduct Electricity Corrosive, which means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin and paper Some acids react strongly with metals – Tomatoes turn Aluminum foil black. Turns blue litmus paper red Picture from BBC Revision Bites http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/acids_bases_1.shtml

Properties of an Acid Neutralize with a base if they are the same concentration Strong acids fully ionize in water. Weak acids have fewer hydrogen ions in solution. Picture from BBC Revision Bites http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/acids_bases_1.shtml

Uses of Acids Acetic Acid = Vinegar Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch. Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function. Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics. Car batteries

What is a base? A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali.

Properties of a Base Feel Slippery Taste Bitter Corrosive Can conduct electricity. (Think alkaline batteries.) Do not react with metals. Turns red litmus paper blue.

Uses of Bases Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties. The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease. Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases. Your blood is a basic solution.

pH Scale pH means “potential hydrogen” pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. Acidic solutions have pH values below 7 A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic. A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral. Pure water has a pH of 7. Basic solutions have pH values above 7.