Warm-Up! Get your ISN, turn to page 30. Today we are starting a new unit over ROCKS AND MINERALS! Create a tab for this unit and call it Rocks/Minerals When finished wait for further directions.

Rocks and Minerals Circle Map Brainstorm everything you know about rocks and minerals!

Open Your Book to Chapter 2! Together we will read Sections 1 and 2, then you will finish sections 3 and 4 on your own. As your reading, be aware of the yellow highlighted words in the text. These are new vocabulary words you will be responsible for knowing! A vocabulary worksheet will be passed out for you to complete by the end of class. We will grade this together.

Minerals are NOT ROCKS!

What is a Mineral? Definition: A naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite composition and a crystalline structure. Pyromorphite

What do all minerals have in common? Are formed NATURALLY, not man made Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive (inorganic) Have a definite shape (no liquids or gases) Are elements or compounds with a unique chemical makeup Have a crystalline structure

Groups of Minerals Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of. Beryl (Emerald) Calcite Amethyst

Contain oxygen & silica The most abundant group of minerals Mineral Group Characteristics Examples Silicates Contain oxygen & silica The most abundant group of minerals Quartz, mica MICA Quartz

Make up only 5% of the Earth’s crust Mineral Group Characteristics Examples Non-Silicates Make up only 5% of the Earth’s crust Include some of the most important minerals iron, copper, gold, silver, diamonds, rubies Silver Copper Diamond Gold Iron Ruby

How do minerals form? 1) Cooling of magma (hot, liquid rock and minerals inside the earth (from the mantle)) Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineraloids) Medium Cooling = small crystals Slow Cooling = large crystals

How do minerals form? 2) Elements dissolved in liquids (usually water)- water evaporates and forms the crystal structure

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Color Can be misleading Can vary with the type of impurities

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Luster How a mineral reflects light metallic = shiny like metal non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Streak The color of the minerals powder. The color of the streak can be different than the mineral

Streak…can help identify quartz BUT... http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Hardness How easily a mineral scratches materials Mohs Hardness Scale Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)

Find out more… “Electronic” Hardness Test http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b2.html

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Other Properties Specific gravity (*excellent clue to mineral’s identity) Attraction to magnets Bending of light Reaction with hydrochloric acid Smell & taste http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html