SUBSISTENCE STRATEGIES Chapter ~Five~

SUBSISTENCE STRATEGIES Ways in which societies _______________ the material ______________ of the environment into __________, clothing, and ____________ Five Ways… ________________________ Pastoralism ______________________ Agriculture _______________________

CULTURAL ECOLOGY The systematic study of the relationships between the ____________________ and _________________________ Using __________________ so people can meet their ___________________

#1 - FORAGING ______________, Hunting, and _____________ Collect _________________, nuts, __________, fruits, _________________, roots, etc. Knowledge of ______________ environment (_________________ sources) Examples… The Inuit in the Polar Regions The ________________________ in Australia

Division of Labor Women – Men – ___________________ plant food Use ________________________ tools Travel & know ______________________ well _____________________________ Men – ___________________ animals ___________________ celebration ______________ as individuals or in small groups

#2 - PASTORALISM Caring for & _______ ________________ animals Herd animals such as… _________________ Goats Donkeys _______________________ ____________ in these areas not _______ enough to support ___________ = ____________ lifestyle Example… The ____________ of East Africa (The people of cattle)

#3- Horticulture _____________ & _________ with simple tools _________________________ technology Hoes & ___________________________ __________________environments Fields not permanent & ____________________ for extended time _____________________ domestication of plants and _______________________ Example… The ______________________ of Papua New Guinea

#4- Agriculture __________________ large scale ___________ _____________________ intensive ___________________________ use of land _________________ – control of water supply _____________________ power = plow, transportation, _____________________, etc.

#5- Industrialism ______________________ relations with their products, __________________, & employers Labor for ___________; ____________ motive Products come from ___________________ Examples… ___________ & most __________________ countries

Why Do People Eat Differently Religion: example: ________________________ Beliefs: example: _________________________ Ethnic Traditions: example: _________________ Where they grew up: example: _______________ Some people must ____________certain foods because they are _______________ and certain foods can make them ____________________