Evolution and Biodiversity

1. Elephant seals were common in the early 19th century but were hunted almost to extinction. Today their numbers have increased again, but the species has little genetic variation. We can say the species has experienced natural selection b) mutation pressure c) a bottleneck founder effect Co-evolution

2. Changes in the frequency of alleles in a population caused by random, chance events I. Are know as genetic drift II. Occur only in r-strategists III. Are more likely to occur in small populations I only II only III only I and III I and II

3. Which of the following have a significant effect on allele frequencies? I. Migration II. Natural Selection III. Genetic Drift I only II only III only I and III I, II and III

4. Which of the following is the best description of species evenness 4. Which of the following is the best description of species evenness? a) How evenly dispersed a particular species is within an ecosystem b) The number of species within an ecosystem c) The total number of individual organisms present within an ecosystem d)The relative dominance of each species within an ecosystem e) The ratio of consumers to producers

5. The loss in genetic variability when a new population is founded by a small number of individuals a) Founder Effect b) Natural Selection c) Genetic Drift d)Bottleneck Effect e) Mutation

6. Biological evolution by natural selection is when genes ____, individuals ____, and populations ____. a) evolve; mutate; are selected b) are selected; mutate; evolve c) mutate; evolve; are selected d) evolve; are selected; mutate e) mutate; are selected; evolve

7. In a population of beetles a few individuals possess an allele which confers resistance to insecticide. Match the possible scenarios to the correct process a. The farmer applies insecticide, and the allele becomes relatively more common as susceptible individuals die. b. Two insects fly to a neighboring field, where they multiply. Both lack the allele, so it is absent from the new population. c. A beetle learns to avoid eating the insecticide if the first dose is small and doesn't kill him. a. selection, genetic drift and acquired characteristic. b. acquired characteristic, genetic drift and selection. c. genetic drift, selection and acquired

8. Natural selection apparently favors peacocks with big tails. Why? a) Males with big tails live longer b) They are healthier than other males c) They have more reproductive success d) They can escape predators more easily e) They have larger vocal cords