Forces in EARTH’s Crust

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Presentation transcript:

Forces in EARTH’s Crust Inside Earth Ch. 2.1 Forces in EARTH’s Crust Intro to Earthquakes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrBaiPN6AW8 (3:56) History of the Earth: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrqqD_Tsy4Q&feature=player_embedded# (2:11)

Introduction What is stress?

Stress? Science Stress is = A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume Health Stress can also be = Something that causes strong feelings of worry or anxiety

I. Types of Stress A. Tension, _Compression_, Shearing B. These forces cause _rock_ to snap C. Changes occur really _slowly_ D. Rock can bend, _stretch_ tilt, _fold_or slide

I. Types of Stress E. Tension = pulls on crust so it’s thinner in middle, 2 plates move apart F. Compression = squeezes rock until it folds or breaks, 1 plate pressing against another G. Shearing = pushes rock in 2 opposite directions, 2 plates slip past each other Forces Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXlnFgWUpDA (3:11)

Types of Stress

II. Kinds of Faults Most faults occur along _plate_ _boundaries. A. Normal Faults are caused by _tension_, normal fault= Hanging wall slips down hanging wall = rock that lies above footwall = rock that lies below Types of Faults video: http://www.iris.edu/hq/programs/education_and_outreach/animations/2

Faults

II. Kinds of Faults B. Reverse Faults are caused by compression. Hanging wall moves up over the footwall. C. Strike-Slip Faults are caused by _shearing_ . 1. 2 plates slip past each other, very little up/down motion

Strike Slip Fault

III. Earth’s Changing Surface A. Folding Earth’s Crust _Plate_ _movement_ can cause crust to fold due to _compression_. Anti-cline = a fold in the rock that bends upward Syncline = a fold in the rock that bends downward

Anticlines and Synclines

B. Stretching Earth’s Crust Tension pulls crust apart, 2 parallel normal faults can form a range of _fault_ - _block_ mountains.

C. Uplifting Earth’s Crust Plateau = large area of flat land elevated above sea level Deformation = any change in the volume or shape of the Earth’s crust due to stress Friction = the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface Plate Tectonics Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhxjAAnwNKM (3:45)