Moon-Sun-Comets-Asteroids

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Presentation transcript:

Moon-Sun-Comets-Asteroids Unit 2 – Ch 23

The MOON

Moon Formation Simultaneous Formation Theory: Impact Theory: Earth & Moon formed at same time ~4.6 billion years old Impact Theory: Mars-sized object collided with Earth then broke apart Earth is 4.5 billion years old.

Dark Side of Moon WHY?!? Far side of Moon is NEVER visible from Earth! Synchronous Rotation: Same rotation time as Earth as Moon orbits Earth

Moon Phases Moon moves counterclockwise around Earth (eastward) Phases of Moon: New Moon 2. Waxing Crescent 3. 1st Quarter – half moon 4. Waxing Gibbous 5. Full Moon 6. Waning Gibbous 7. 3rd Quarter – half moon 8. Waning Crescent

Cause of Tides Gravitational interaction of Earth, Moon, and Sun Gravity of Moon has STRONGER effect on ocean tides CLOSER to Earth than Sun 2 high & 2 low daily

The TIDES

What Causes Tides? Gravitational interaction of Earth, Moon, and Sun Gravity of Moon has STRONGER effect on oceans than Sun because Moon is CLOSER to Earth 2 high & 2 low tides daily

SPRING TIDES Earth, Moon, and Sun in straight line Combined gravity of Sun and Moon creates very high/low tides (2 weeks)

NEAP TIDES Sun, Earth, and Moon perpendicular Gravitational pulls cancel one another Results in weak high/low tides

COMETS

Comet Formation Icy counterparts of asteroids Most remain frozen in outer solar system

Comet Structure

Comet’s Orbits

Comet Showers

ASTEROIDS

Asteroid Formation Left-over rocky particles that failed to form a planet Influenced by Jupiter’s gravitational pull

Asteroid/Kuiper Belt Asteroid – Between Mars/Jupiter – Rocky Kuiper – Beyond Neptune – Icy particles

METEOROID Smaller version of asteroids in space

METEOR Meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere

METEORITE Meteor contacts Earth’s surface

The SUN

Nuclear Fusion Definition: Hydrogen atoms combine to produce Helium in addition of HEAT Occurs at Sun’s CORE

Energy from Sun Electromagnetic Radiation: Energy with wave-like behavior that travels through space Gamma Rays – Used to kill cancerous cells X-Rays – Internal body imaging Ultraviolet – Cause of skin sunburn Visible light – Visible color spectrum Infrared – Invisible and thermal heat sensing Radio Waves – Communication/electronics

Energy from Sun Earth is Protected from Sun’s Rays: 1) Magnetosphere 2) Earth’s Atmosphere 3) Stratospheric Ozone (Ozone Layer)

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