Prevention of seizures and reorganization of hippocampal functions by transplantation of bone marrow cells in the acute phase of experimental epilepsy 

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Prevention of seizures and reorganization of hippocampal functions by transplantation of bone marrow cells in the acute phase of experimental epilepsy  Zaquer S.M. Costa-Ferro, Affonso S. Vitola, Michele F. Pedroso, Fernanda B. Cunha, Léder L. Xavier, Denise C. Machado, Milena B.P. Soares, Ricardo Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Jaderson C. daCosta  Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy  Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 84-92 (March 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.003 Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Electrophysiological properties of brain sections of normal and epileptic rats. Hippocampal slices were prepared from, saline-epileptic, BMC-epileptic and non-epileptic controls at 10 and 120 days after SE. (A) Insets are superimposed representative traces of the averaged fEPSPs before (−20 to −15min; gray line) and after (44–48min; dark line) tetanic stimulation in non-epileptic control (a and d), in saline-epileptic (b and e), and BMC-epileptic (c and f) groups. Normalized amplitudes of fEPSPs in non-epileptic control (dark squares), saline-epileptic (open triangles), and BMC-epileptic (open circles) groups killed 10 (B) and 120 (C) days after SE (n=9–10 slices/group). Data are presented as mean±S.E.M. Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy 2010 19, 84-92DOI: (10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.003) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effect treatment with bone marrow in the hippocampal cells. Nissl-stained sections showing hippocampal structure [A=in a coronal section of non-epileptic rats, B=CA1; D=CA3; F=dentate gyrus] of epileptic rats and (B′, D′, F′; CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus, respectively) from BMC-treated rats during epileptogenesis (10 days after transplantation). In the chronic phase (120 days after transplantation) (C=CA1; E=CA3, G=dentate gyrus) of epileptic rats and BMC-treated rats (C′, E′, G′, CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus, respectively). Scale bar=100μm. Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy 2010 19, 84-92DOI: (10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.003) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (A–C) Effect of Li-pilo-induced epilepsy and treatment with bone marrow on cells on neuronal density. Comparisons of neuronal density per cubic millimeter volume of tissue among different hippocampal sections were performed during epileptogenesis (10 days after Li-Pilo) and/or during the chronic phase (120 days after Li-Pilo) in BMC-epileptic, saline-epileptic and non-epileptic controls (2 hemispheres of 5 rats, per group). The groups were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 indicate significant differences compared to baseline; symbol (a) indicates a significant difference between the BMC-epilepsy and saline-epilepsy groups. AOI=area of interest (800μm2). Data are reported as mean±S.E.M. Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy 2010 19, 84-92DOI: (10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.003) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of BMC treatment on hippocampal volume in Li-pilo-induced epilepsy. The hippocampal volume analyzed (24.000μm3) was calculated from 5 rats in each group (non-epileptic control, saline-epileptic, and BMC-epileptic) killed 10 and 120 days after SE. The groups were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. Results are expressed as mean±S.D. Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy 2010 19, 84-92DOI: (10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.003) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Presence of donor-derived cells in brains of epileptic rats. Photomicrographs of coronal sections obtained 24h after transplantation, stained for visualization of NeuN+ (red) and GFP+ (green) cells in ectorhinal cortex (A), and hilus of GD (B). Section of the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus (C) obtained 48h after transplantation showing GFP+ cells (green). GFP+ cells (green) shown in sections of the CA1 region (E) and hilus (F) 3 and 5 days after transplantation, respectively. Section of the plexus 10 days after transplantation showing cells expressing microglia markers (F) and the (G) amygdalostriatal transition area showed GFAP+ (red) and GFP+ (green) cells. (H) Section of perirhinal cortex 120 days after transplantation showing GFP+ cells (green). DAPI-stained nuclei are shown in blue. Images (A)–(C) and (G) and (H) were obtained by confocal microscopy, and the micrographs (D–F) by conventional florescence microscopy. Arrows indicate GFP+ cells. Bar=100μm. Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy 2010 19, 84-92DOI: (10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.003) Copyright © 2010 Terms and Conditions