Causes of the Civil War

(1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territories Northwest Ordinance (1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territories

Doubled the size of the U.S. 2 Louisiana Purchase (1803) Led to the debate on expansion of slavery Doubled the size of the U.S.

Missouri Compromise (1820) 3 Missouri Compromise (1820) Banned slavery north of the 36° parallel Set precedent that for every slave state, a free state must enter 36’30 Line Kept the balance of free & slave states

South Carolina nullified Tariff of Abominations & threatens to secede NULLFICATION CRISIS (1832) – States’ Rights vs. Preserving the Union 4 South Carolina nullified Tariff of Abominations & threatens to secede 5

Slavery in America The issue stayed in the background after the Missouri Compromise The proposal to add new states and territories (Texas, New Mexico, and California) brought the issue back up 5. Manifest Destiny - Mexican Cession and Oregon Territory On numerous occasions, Congress made motions to not discuss the topic in session

Wilmot Proviso 6 A bitter debate over slavery in the new west Rep. David Wilmot (Penn) Proposed slavery be prohibited in any land acquired from Mexico Sen. John Calhoun (S.C.) No govt. authority can prohibit or regulate slavery in a territory Neither proposal passed, but intensified the debate

Moderate Views Some said Missouri Compromise line should extend west 6 Moderate Views Some said Missouri Compromise line should extend west Others called for popular sovereignty People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery

1st president never previously elected to a public office

7 Debate of 1850 Debate in Congress centered on California becoming a state The old guard of 19th century politicians took the lead in Congress Clay sought a compromise and made over 70 speeches in the House (Webster supported holding the Union together) In the Senate, Calhoun (too sick to read his own statements) called for the south to secede – DIED DURING THE DEBATE

COMPROMISE OF 1850 President Taylor wanted to abolish slavery and threatens to veto the bill Taylor died suddenly– Millard Fillmore becomes President & signs the bill 11

COMPROMISE OF 1850 For the North For the South 7 Terms: California admitted as a free state For the North Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia Texas gave up its western lands for $10 million Clip: Compromise of 1850 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXL2p2dsL2Q New Mexico & Utah organized under popular sovereignty For the South Fugitive Slave Law passed

Fugitive Slave Law 8 Return escaped slaves to their state & owner All citizens expected to help 13

Whig party dying!!! Whigs choose another Mexican War General (another war hero like Jackson)

Repealed the Missouri Compromise 9 KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT Repealed the Missouri Compromise Stephen Douglas called for POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY (vote) on slavery in the territories

Race for control of Kansas (Abolitionist & Missouri settlers) 9 Race for control of Kansas (Abolitionist & Missouri settlers) Only 1,500 people in KS…but 6,000 people vote in election Kansas had 2 governments – Free & Slave

Debate over slavery in territory War broke out over the debate (1856) 10 BLEEDING KANSAS Debate over slavery in territory War broke out over the debate (1856) Pro-slavery raids took place in Lawrence John Brown raided pro-slavery parts of Kansas to raise abolitionist support

11 VIOLENCE IN THE SENATE In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner (Mass.) gave a speech on the “Crime Against Kansas” condemning the South’s desire to expand slavery Senator Preston Brooks (SC) believed Sumner was insulting his uncle, Senator Andrew Butler Since Sen. Butler was not present to defend himself, Sen. Brooks (SC) beat Sen. Sumner with his cane while Sumner was seated at his desk Showed the brutal nature of the debate & Brooks was seen as a hero in South Carolina (it even helped him get reelected)

Whigs, Free Soilers and Northern Democrats 12 Republican Party (1854) - Against slavery Whigs, Free Soilers and Northern Democrats

12 No electoral votes from the South Supported popular sovereignty Called the Republicans extremists/radicals No electoral votes from the South Condemned KS-NE Act & slavery expansion