THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS: Fort Sumter The first battle of the Civil War (1861-1865) Fort controlled by the Union South attacks fort on April 12, 1861 Lasted 34 hours…Union Surrenders Fort Soon after, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee seceded (Confederate states = 11)

Significance: First battle of Civil War. Raised false hopes for a quick war. Lincoln then asked for 100,000 volunteers.

NORTH HAD ADVANTAGES The North had many advantages including: More people More factories More food production More railroads Better communication

SOUTH HAD ADVANTAGES The South had some advantages over the Northern forces: First rate military leadership Highly motivated soldiers Only had to defend their land – not attack North

U.S.S. St. Louis, First Eads Ironclad Gunboat STRATEGIES The Northern strategy going into the war included a naval blockade, a plan to split the Confederacy by going down the Mississippi river, and capturing the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia The South was content to have a defensive strategy U.S.S. St. Louis, First Eads Ironclad Gunboat

THE BATTLE OF BULL RUN/First Battle of Manassas First major bloodshed of the war occurred at Bull Run near Washington, D.C. – Summer 1861 This battle made Confederate General Thomas Jackson famous Confederate victory boosted moral ACTUAL PHOTOS OF BULL RUN AND GENERAL JACKSON

Significance: First large battle of the war. Confederates routed an unprepared Union force. Casualties shocked the North and South. Union-2,446, Confederate-1,600 They now believed the war would not be quick nor easy. During this battle, General Thomas J. Jackson earned the name, “Stonewall” by inspiring his troops to stand firm under the Union attack.

Generals McClellan and Lee The single bloodiest day of the Civil War Antietam Generals McClellan and Lee

Antietam September 17, 1862 Maryland The Battle of Antietam, was fought on September 17, 1862. Confederate battle plan were discovered by the North. Federal armies brutalized the Confederacy; the combined casualties were more than twenty-three thousand. The Union pushed Lee and his troops back to the South CICERO © 2010

Significance: One of only 2 major battles fought in the North. The bloodiest day of the war. Casualties: Union-12,410 Confederate-13,724 The Union forced South back to the South. This victory was what Lincoln needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION As the war progressed, Lincoln used his powers to end slavery in the rebellious Southern States JANUARY 1, 1863 Applied only to states in the Confederacy Didn’t actually free the slaves The Union Army had to seize and emancipate slaves.

The North and the South considered Vicksburg an important stronghold the Mississippi River was the single most important economic feature of the continent. Confederate forces closed the river, which hurt the northern economy. Grant realized that Vicksburg could not be taken by storm and decided to lay siege to the city. Slowly his army cut Vicksburg off from supply and communications with the outside world.

Significance: Siege lasted for 3 months The fortress of Vicksburg was the key to the last Confederate stretch of the Mississippi. The Confederacy was split in two by the mighty river.

Getty'sburg - Little Roundtop Robert E. Lee

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Union Commander :General George Meade Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee July 1-3, 1863 Casualties: Union-23,049 Confederate-28,063 Winner: Union

After trying to break the union lines for 2 days, Lee tries a frontal assault on entrenched union forces. This was known as Pickett’s charge. This attempt failed miserably. Lee ultimately retreats to Virginia. This would be the last chance for the South to win the war and threaten the North.

Significance: The turning point of the war. South would be fighting a defensive war for the next two years.

Atlanta (Sherman's march)

Atlanta, Georgia Union Commander: General William Sherman Confederate Commander: General John Hood July 20-September 2, 1864 Casualties: Union-31,623 Confederate-35,044 Winner: Union

Significance: General Sherman ordered the burning of the city by Union troops. After burning the city, Sherman began his march to the sea His troops looted and plundered their way across Georgia, destroying nearly everything in their path.

Sherman’s instructions from Grant: Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannot be consumed. Sherman’s troops burned the city of Atlanta. They ripped up railroad tracks, burned homes, barns, and factories. Total War: Everyone was affected as the army destroyed food and equipment that might be useful to the enemy. Total War caused hardships for civilians in the south.

Surrender at Appomattox On April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered his army of Northern Virginia.

Appomatox Courthouse, Virginia Lee surrendered to Grant in this home.