The Male Rectourethralis and Deep Transverse Perineal Muscles and Their Relationship to Adjacent Structures Examined with Successive Slices of Celloidin- Embedded Pelvic Viscera  Li-Dong Zhai, Jin Liu, Yun-Sheng Li, Qing-Tong Ma, Ping Yin  European Urology  Volume 59, Issue 3, Pages 415-421 (March 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.030 Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Sagittal sections of one 57-yr-old man from midsagittal section to lateral. (A) Midsagittal section; (B) sagittal section through medial border of Cowper’s glands; (C) sagittal section through Cowper’s glands; (D) sagittal section through levator ani muscles. White dots show posterior connective tissue of bulbus penis; black dots show the deep transverse perineal muscle; white triangles show the anterior bundle. AB=anterior bundle; CG=Cowper’s glands; EAS=external anal sphincter; IAS=internal anal sphincter; LAM=levator ani muscles; LM=longitudinal muscle of rectum; PB=posterior bundle; RS=rhabdosphincter. European Urology 2011 59, 415-421DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.030) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Sagittal sections of one 65-yr-old man. (A) White long arrow indicates the approach severing the urethra and the prostatic apex; the caudal end of Denonvillier’s fascia is on the left on the urethral side; (B) Denonvillier’s fascia and fascia propria of the rectum on para-midsagittal section. Black arrowhead indicates Denonvillier’s fascia; white arrowhead indicates fascia propria of the rectum; black dots show the deep transverse perineal muscle (DTPM); white triangles show the anterior bundle. CG=Cowper’s glands; EAS=external anal sphincter; IAS=internal anal sphincter; PB=posterior bundle; RS=rhabdosphincter. European Urology 2011 59, 415-421DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.030) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Horizontal sections of one 62-yr-old man. (A) Horizontal sections through rhabdosphincter (magnification ×8); (B) horizontal sections through Cowper’s glands (magnification ×8); (C) horizontal sections through the lower border of the Cowper’s glands (magnification ×8). White arrowhead shows deep transverse perineal muscle (DTPM). AB=anterior bundle; CG=Cowper’s glands; LAM=levator ani muscles; LM=longitudinal muscle of rectum; RS=rhabdosphincter. European Urology 2011 59, 415-421DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.030) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Coronary sections of one 70-yr-old man. (A) Coronary sections immediately anterior to the rectal wall; (B) coronary sections through the posterior portion of Cowper’s glands; (C) magnification (×8) of the square areas in (B): Slender nerve bundles (black triangles) pierce the deep transverse perineal muscle (DTPM) ventromedially; (D) magnification (×8) of coronary sections 1000μm anterior to (B). Slender nerve bundles (black triangles) round the lower border of the levator ani muscles. The neurovascular bundle (NVM) to the bulbus penis (outlined by black line) arises from the neurovascular bundle formed by the dorsal nerve and the common penile vessels (outlined by the white line). White arrowhead shows the DTPM. CG=Cowper’s glands; LAM=levator ani muscles; RS=rhabdosphincter. European Urology 2011 59, 415-421DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.030) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Computerized three-dimensional modeling. The sample was from the sagittal sections of the 57-yr-old male specimen in Fig. 1. (A) Left view shows the posterior bundle, intermedial fibers, and lateral fibers of the anterior bundle; (B) right anterior view shows the lateral fibers of the anterior bundle are attached to the posterior connective tissue of the bulbus penis; (C) right anterior view shows the rhabdosphincter is attached to the deep transverse perineal muscle. European Urology 2011 59, 415-421DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.030) Copyright © 2010 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions