Kingdom Plantae Section 3.2

Learning Goals We are learning to the characteristics of the plant and animal kingdoms. We are learning the different classifications of plants and animals.

Characteristics multicellular and eukaryotic perform photosynthesis sessile (cannot move from place to place) autotrophic mostly terrestrial (the aquatic plants are mostly fresh water) reproduce sexually and asexually support virtually all terrestrial food webs

Green Algae to Plants Plants thought to evolve from a group of green algae +425 million years ago both contain chlorophyll a and b both make cell walls at the end of mitosis before cytokinesis, have cellulose in their cell walls, and store excess food as starch.

Vascular Tissue Xylem Phloem

4 Major Types Bryophytes Pterophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Bryophytes simple plants with waxy cuticle and stomata to reduce water loss and allow gas exchange most recognizable are the mosses lack vascular tissue and true leaves, roots or seeds

Pterophytes Ferns seedless vascular plants with large leaves and simple roots able to grow to great heights

Gymnosperms dominant land plants naked seed in cones (not enclosed by fruit) the first seed plants Coniferous trees like Pine, Spruce and Cedars vascular tissue; no flowers

Angiosperms most diverse group of plants vascular tissue reproduce using flowers produce seeds in fruit more than 70% of all human food is derived from seeds of wheat, rice, corn

Kingdom Animalia Section 3.3

Characteristics eukaryotic and multicellular all are heterotrophic use oxygen for aerobic respiration no cell wall their cell membranes are in direct contact with each other mostly reproduce sexually can be terrestrial or aquatic common ancestor of all animals was likely a protist

Nerves a key innovation among animals was the development of nerve specialized cells. these allow movement and the ability to sense changes in the environment. animals in the porifera (sponges) are the only ones that do not have this key animal feature.

Symmetry radial symmetry: symmetry around a central axis bilateral symmetry: symmetry around a midline Cnidaria

Embryonic Development Protostome: an animal with bilateral symmetry; during embryonic development, the mouth forms before the anus. Deuterostome: an animal with bilateral symmetry; during embryonic development, the anus forms before the mouth. humans belong to the deuterostomes phylum Chordata

Let your backbone slide … Vertebrate: an animal with a backbone or notochord Notochord: a flexible rod found in some chordates; in most modern chordates it is replaced by vertebrae during embryonic development Invertebrate: an animal that does not have a backbone; the great majority of animal species are invertebrates Chordata are almost entirely vertebrates - animals with a dorsal backbone or notochord, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. all other animals are referred to as invertebrates.

Learning Goals We are learning to the characteristics of the plant and animal kingdoms. We are learning the different classifications of plants and animals.

Text Work P95 #1,5,6 P107 #1,2