Protective use of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists as a spinoplegia against excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity Yasunori Cho, MD, Toshihiko.

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Protective use of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists as a spinoplegia against excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity Yasunori Cho, MD, Toshihiko Ueda, MD, Atsuo Mori, MD, Hideyuki Shimizu, MD, Yoshiyuki Haga, PhD, Ryohei Yozu, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 42, Issue 4, Pages 765-771 (October 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.052 Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Representative photomicrographs of histologic sections of the spinal cord (stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Luxol-fast blue) from group A showing normal histology. Animals received pretreatment with MK-801 followed by segmental aspartate infusion. Spinal cord neurons were well protected by the segmental infusion of MK-801 (arrows). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2005 42, 765-771DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.052) Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Representative photomicrographs of histologic sections of the spinal cord (stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Luxol-fast blue) from group B and group C demonstrating aspartate neurotoxicity. A, Section from group B (pretreated with CGS19755) exhibited severe and extensive gray matter necrosis (arrow heads). B, Section from group C received segmental aspartate infusion without pretreatment. Degenerated neurons were irregularly shrunken and exhibited structureless cytoplasm with their nuclei stained hyperchromatic (arrows). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2005 42, 765-771DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.052) Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The average number of normal-appearing motor neurons in the level of 10 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm proximal from the third sacral nerve. Group A and D animals showed significantly more normal-appearing motor neurons than group B and C animals in all the segments (P < .01). The difference could be due to chance between group B and C animals (P = .73). Animals in group A (pretreated with a segmental infusion of MK-801) showed greater number of normal-appearing motor neurons than animals in group D (pretreated with intravenous administration); however, there was no significant difference between two groups (P = .08). All values are presented as mean ± SE. *Significant difference between group A and group B; and group A and group C (P < .01). **Significant difference between group D and group B; and group D and group C (P < .01) (two-way analysis of variance). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2005 42, 765-771DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2005.05.052) Copyright © 2005 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions