Exploration & Colonial Expansion

Europe Doesn’t Start This Naval Voyages by Ming Admiral Zheng He Official Chinese Maritime Activity in the Indian Ocean Enhances Chinese Prestige Remember Ibn Batutta & Marco Polo

Technologies from Afroeurasia led to new European ship designs in the 15th century. Chinese compass Arab lateen sail New Mariner’s Astrolabe A CARAVEL is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship It’s during this time, that European Mariners discover and record the wind patterns and currents in the Atlantic & the Pacific For the WEST it’s all about intimidation and Navel Military Power The Portugese use caravels European knowledge of Chinese explosives, adapted into gunnery Chinese sternpost rudder Muslim portolan charts and maps

Portugal & Spain Lead the Pack Prince Henry the Navigator Explored the West African Coast Opened a naval school for men to learn to use the new navigational tools Bartolomeu Dias Rounded the Cape of Good Hope & entered the Indian Ocean Balboa Starts first Spanish Settlement on Mainland

Portugal & Spain Lead the Pack Question we need to ask ourselves: Why do these two countries lead the pack? Good Location Prince Henry’s School Grudge against Arabs Portugal is relatively poor and needed a new source of resources The Italian merchants were jacking up the prices on Asian goods Treaty of Tordesillas Columbus 1492 Sponsored by Spanish Da Gama 1497 Sponsored by Portugese Magellan 1519 Sponsored by Spanish

Northern European Expedition British French & Dutch Protestants want converts too 1588 Britain defeats the Spanish Armada Ways for the “new” world to be profitable Market for warm English woolens Fish Natural Resources

Colonial Expansion

Themes of Spanish Colonization Loosely controlled Colonial Administrators were in home country Control over Native People exact tribute Over time more formal admin. Missionary Efforts add more admin.

Spanish conquistadors ended Aztec and Inca rule and claimed their lands in Mesoamerica and Andean South America. Aztec Empire Mayan States Inca Empire The Aztecs were brought down by Hernan Cortes (Spanish) Guns Germs Steel The Incas were brought down by Francico Pizzaro (Spainish)

British and French North America: Backwater colonies Received religious refugees Explicitly recruited settlers France & England fight over territory (Shocker) Less attention given to economic regulation Less important to the crown than the Caribbean The Seven Years War – 1754-1763 You are responsible for knowing about the beginnings of the American Colonies – Read 363

The Seven Years War – A Global Conflict Treaty of Paris ends its – Ironic Calcutta is the headquarters for the British East Indian Company – which explains the fighting there

The Economics of Expansion Trading Companies Dutch East India Company Given Gov’t Monopolies on trade Raise Armies Coin Money Amassed Great Fortunes Started Dutch West India Company in the Americas British East India Company Similiar

The Economics of Expansion Mercantilism Economic doctrine in which government control of foreign trade is of great importance for ensuring the prosperity and security of the state Demands positive balance of trade Mercantilist policies have included: High tariffs, especially on manufactured goods Monopolizing markets with staple ports Exclusive trade with colonies Forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships; Banning all export of gold and silver Limiting wages Maximizing the use of domestic resources

States and Empires in 1519 CE Slide 32 States and Empires in 1519 CE States & Empires Map by Robert Prom