COLD WAR 1 1945-1962
What is the United Nations? An international organization to keep peace in the world
What were two results of the American occupation of Japan after World War II? Japan became a democracy. Japan became an ally (friend) of the United States.
What was the Cold War? The war of words between the United States and the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991
What is communism? An economic system in which all property and means of production are owned by society as a whole (i.e., by the government in the name of the people)
What is socialism? An economic system in which the government owns and controls the means of production, like power plants, transportation, and communication
What were the fundamental values of the American-led western nations during the Cold War?
Democracy Individual freedom Free market economic system based on private property and profit
What were the fundamental values of the Soviet Union and its allies during the Cold War?
Totalitarian government or dictatorship Communism Communist or socialist economic system
Where did the threat of a communist takeover cause President Truman to announce the Truman Doctrine? Greece Turkey
What was the Truman Doctrine? United States would “support free peoples who [were] resisting attempted subjugation [control] by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
What President was responsible for the Marshall Plan? Harry Truman
What was the Marshall Plan? U.S. economic aid program to European nations after World War II
What was the dual purpose of the Marshall Plan? Rebuild European economies Stop the spread of communism
What was containment? The American policy to limit communism to those areas where it already existed
What was the non-communist part of Germany during the Cold War? West Germany
What was the communist part of Germany during the Cold War? East Germany
Who was Alger Hiss? A U.S. State Department official charged with giving secret documents to the Soviets Convicted of perjury
Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg? A couple who gained information about the U.S. atomic project They were convicted of espionage and executed
What is espionage? Spying
Central Intelligence Agency or CIA What federal agency coordinates the spy activities of the United States government? Central Intelligence Agency or CIA
What was NATO? A defensive military alliance of the U.S. and Western European countries An attack on one would be considered an attack on all
What was the Warsaw Pact? A defensive military alliance of the Soviet Union and other communist countries in Eastern Europe An attack on one would be considered an attack on all
Who was the Communist Chinese leader? Mao Zedong
Who was the anti-communist Chinese leader? Chiang Kai-shek
What is Taiwan? Anti-communist nation founded on the island of Formosa when Chiang fled China
Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy? A Republican senator who accused many American officials of being communists
What was McCarthyism? Unfairly accusing others of disloyalty, especially of being pro-communist, without solid evidence
How has the term McCarthyism continued to be used? To refer to situations where someone makes false accusations based on rumor or guilt by association
What were the Army-McCarthy Hearings? Televised investigations of alleged communist influence in the United States Army Revealed that Senator Joseph McCarthy had made many false charges
Why were the Army-McCarthy Hearings important?
Showed that Senator Joseph McCarthy was a liar and a bully Ended Senator McCarthy’s power and influence
What event brought an end to Joseph McCarthy’s power and influence? The Army-McCarthy Hearings
Which is the communist Korea? North Korea
Which is non-communist Korea? South Korea
What was the Korean War? The 1950-1953 war caused when communist North Korea invaded anti-communist South Korea
Who was president when the Korean War began? Harry S. Truman
Who was president when the Korean War ended? Dwight D. Eisenhower
Which president was associated with massive retaliation? Dwight D. Eisenhower
What was Massive Retaliation? President Eisenhower’s policy that the U.S. would use swift, all-out military actions against any nation that attacked the U.S. or an ally
What was the Bay of Pigs? The CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro. It failed!
Who was president during the Cuban Missile Crisis? John F. Kennedy
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba U.S. blockaded Cuba Soviets removed the missiles
Who was the Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis? Nikita Khrushchev