“Not As Easy As It Sounds” Effective Listening: “Not As Easy As It Sounds” http://www.dreams-goals.com/resources/powerpoints/ Presented by: Kathleen E. High, M.Ed., CCSP, GCDF-I Independent Education/Career Consultant Your Dreams & Goals 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Effective Listening Difference Between Listening and Hearing Listening and Attention Unable to Hear Refusing to Hear Check Your Information Source Good Habits to Promote Hearing Bad Habits That Distract from Hearing Test Your Listening Skills 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Difference Between Listening and Hearing Listening and Hearing are two different things: Hearing: The act of receiving the sound Listening: The act of hearing and understanding what you hear Hearing: Is unavoidable and automatic Uses your ears / sense of sound Listening: Takes effort and is voluntary Is a skill that can be learned Uses any combination of senses and mental processing Adapted from: Unknown author “Listening Self Assessment” 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Listening & Attention Listening is Impacted by Attention: Two Theories: Selective Exposure: Pick and choose what messages to expose yourself Selective Attention: Pick and choose what messages you choose to receive 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Unable to Hear “Expectancy Violations Theory” Hearer: Has expectations about what will happen Often based on social norms Communicator: Violates those expectations Violation distracts the hearer from the message Result: Hearer Focuses on the violation Instead of the message (Burgoon, 2018) 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Refusing to Hear: Cognitive Dissonance Mental Discomfort When Trying to Hold Two Contradictory Beliefs, Ideals, or Values Humans strive for internal psychological consistency in order to function Will respond to inconsistency and discomfort by: Change behavior or thought Justify behavior or thought by: Changing conflicting cognition Adding new cognitions Ignore conflicting information (Wikipedia, 2018) 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Check Your Information Source “Fake News” Websites on the Rise Encourage False Understanding Purpose: False or Misleading Clickbait Satirical “News” Tips for analyzing news sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/10eA5- mCZLSS4MQY5QGb5ewC3VAL6pLkT53V_81ZyitM/preview (Zimdars, 2018) 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Good Habits – Promote Hearing Find Areas of Interest Judge Content – Not Delivery Hold Your Fire Listen for Ideas Be Flexible Work at Listening Resist Distractions Exercise Your Mind Keep Your Mind Open Capitalize on Mind Working Faster than Speech Adapted from: “10 keys to effective listening”. Cuesta College 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Bad Habits – Distract from Hearing Calling the subject Dull Criticizing the Speaker Getting Overstimulated Listening for Only Facts Trying to Outline Everything Faking Attention Adapted from: R. Nichols (1960) “The Supervisor’s Notebook” 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Bad Habits – Distract from Hearing (Cont’d) Tolerating Distraction Choosing Only What’s Easy Letting Emotion-Laden Words Get in the Way Wasting the Differential Between Speech and Thought of Speed 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Test Your Listening Skills Best way to test your listening and understanding is to paraphrase Paraphrasing is to put it into your own words “So what you just said is …….” 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High

Works Cited Burgoon, J. (2018, October 31). Expectancy violations theory. Retrieved from Wikipedia: 2018 Cuesta College. (November, 1 2018). 10 keys to effective listing. Retrieved from Online Library: http://csl.cofc.edu/documents/study-skills/online- library/listening/10_keys_to_effective_listening.pdf Wikipedia. (2018, April 23). Cognitive dissonance. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance Zimdars, M. (2018, April 23). False, Misleading, Clickbait-y, and/or Satirical “News” Sources. Retrieved from Google Docs: https://docs.google.com/document/d/10eA5- mCZLSS4MQY5QGb5ewC3VAL6pLkT53V_81ZyitM/preview 1/2/2019 ©2018 Kathleen E. High