The Discovery of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) Harry Kroto 2004

Harry Kroto 2004

Hartman 1904 K Ti Fe Ca Na T (100K) Binary Diffuse cloud Harry Kroto 2004

Blue Shifted Red Shifted Harry Kroto 2004

Blue Shifted Red Shifted Harry Kroto 2004

Several clouds in the line of sight Harry Kroto 2004

Electron Configuration 1s2 2s2 2p63s1 1s2 2s2 2p63p1 Sodium 2P1/2 2P Spin orbit coupling 2P3/2 589.00 nm 589.59 nm N2 N2 2S Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts in Interstellar lines / = / = v/c Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines 589.00 589.59 (nm) / = / = v/c Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines 0.59 589.00 589.59 (nm) / = / = v/c  = (x/x) 0.59 Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines 0.59 589.00 589.59 (nm) x 150 mm / = / = v/c  = (x/x) 0.59 Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines 0.59 589.00 589.59 (nm) x x 13 mm  150 mm / = / = v/c  = (x/x) 0.59 Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines 0.59 589.00 589.59 (nm) x x 13 mm  150 mm / = / = v/c  = (x/x) 0.59 = (13/150) 0.59 = 0.051 (nm) Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines 0.59 589.00 589.59 (nm) x x 13 mm  150 mm / = / = v/c  = (x/x) 0.59 = (13/150) 0.59 = 0.051 (nm) v= (0.051/589.0)3x105 Harry Kroto 2004

Doppler Shifts of Interstellar NaD lines 0.59 589.00 589.59 (nm) x x 13 mm  150 mm / = / = v/c  = (x/x) 0.59 = (13/150) 0.59 = 0.051 (nm) v= (0.051/589.0)3x105 = 26 km s-1 Harry Kroto 2004

Multiple Clouds in the Line of Sight Harry Kroto 2004

Noting that the solar spectrum was crossed by "innumerable" dark lines, Fraunhofer mapped their relative positions with precision.  He developed an alphabetic system for labeling selected reference lines, assigning A to a line near the red end of the spectrum, D to the pair of dark lines associated with the bright orange streak he had observed in flame spectra, H to a line near the end of the visible violet, and I to a line in the ultraviolet.  Fraunhofer's lines puzzled practitioners and theorists alike for over four decades after the publication of his spectral maps.

e at: dwarmstr.blogspot.com/2006_04_01_archive.html

589.00 nm 589.59 nm

jpg - imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/.../flame-elaboration.jpg

http://www.eso.org/~fpatat/science/skybright/FIG/composite.png Harry Kroto 2004

----------- -0.031R -R/16 -R/9 -0.125R -R/4 -0.5R Positronium Levels Hydrogen-like spectrum but to x 1/2 scale -R Harry Kroto 2004