Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things UNIT 1 Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

2.1 Plant Cells, Tissues and Organs Learning Objectives: To explain how plant cells specialize to form different kinds of plant tissues. Understand the links between specialized cells, tissues, organs, and systems in plants. Keywords: Cell Specialization Cell Differentiation Tissue Organ Meristematic cell Transpiration Gall

2.1 Plant Cells, Tissues, and Organs (Page 57) Cell Specialization – the process by which cells develop from similar cells into cells that have specific functions within a multicellular organism Cells specialize as a result of producing different proteins. Different genes code for different proteins. Cell Differentiation – a stage of development of a living organism during which specialized cells form. http://genomics.energy.gov Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants (Page 58) Tissue – a cluster of similar cells that share the same specialized structure and function Organ – a combination of several types of tissue working together to perform a specific function Meristematic Cell – an unspecialized plant cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Specialized Cells and Tissues in Plants (Page 58) Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Repair , Replacement , and Growth (Page 59) “Buds” and “Type of Growth” The plant grows upward, “getting taller.” The chemical Auxin prevents lateral buds from growing by silencing gene expression The plant grows outward or “thickens.” Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Parts of a Leaf (Pages 60-62) Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Transpiration (Page 61) Transpiration – the evaporation of water from the leaves through the stomata Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Chloroplasts (Page 63) Chloroplasts – the organelles within plant cells that use the Sun’s energy to chemically convert carbon into glucose (called photosynthesis). Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Photosynthesis Review Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Plant Organs 1 – Leaf 2 – Stems (Page 64) A plant’s stem has two main functions: 1. physical support 2. transportation of sap Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

3 – Roots A plant’s root has three main functions: (Page 65) A plant’s root has three main functions: 1. to anchor the plant in the ground 2. to take up water and minerals from the soil 3. to store energy and nutrient supplies for later use Types of Roots Tap Root Fibrous Root Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Stems and Roots (Pages 64-65) Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

4 – Flowers (Page 68) The main function of a plant’s flowers is reproductive. Flowers: produce sperm and eggs for sexual reproduction attract insects and other animals for pollination produce seeds and sometimes fruit after pollination Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Plants Under Attack: “Diseases of Plants” (Page 66-67) Magnified Rust Spores Galls Brown Rust Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.